中国长三角背景点冬季大气棕碳污染特征及来源解析

为探究长三角城市群背景点大气棕碳(brown carbon,BrC)的污染特征及来源,本研究采集并分析了长三角城市群下风向地区上海崇明岛2018年12月～2019年1月大气PM2.5样品的化学组成及光学特性.结果表明,甲醇萃取的棕碳在波长365 nm处的吸光系数(absorption coefficients,Abs3...

Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Wintertime Atmospheric Brown Carbon at a Background Site of the Yangtze River Delta Region in China

To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) in Chongming Island, a background site of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China, PM_2.5 samples collected from December 2018 to January 2019 were analyzed to determine their chemical compositions and optical properties. The results showed that the light absorption coefficient (Abs_365,M) of BrC extracted by methanol at 365 nm was (5.39±3.33) M^-1·m^-1, which was 1.3 times of the water extracted BrC. Both increased significantly with the increase of pH values, suggesting that less acidic conditions can enhance the light absorption ability of BrC. In winter, both Abs₃₆₅ and MAE₃₆₅ (mass absorption efficiency) were higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. A strong linear correlation observed between Abs₃₆₅ and levoglucosan (R²=0.72) indicated that many light absorbing substances in Chongming Island were derived from biomass burning emissions. During the campaign, nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) and PAHs accounted for (1.5±1.1) ng·m^-3 and (8.3±4.7) ng·m^-3, respectively, contributing to 0.1% and 0.067% of the absorption of the total BrC at 365 nm, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further showed that biomass and fossil fuel combustions were the main sources of BrC in Chongming Island in winter, accounting for 56% of the total BrC, followed by secondary formation, accounting for 24% of the total BrC, with road dust contributing only 6%.