基于价值损失的黄河三角洲湿地生态补偿标准研究

生态补偿作为一种新型的资源与环境管理手段,越来越受到国内外学者的关注。在过去20年里,国内外学者对生态补偿的概念、机制、模式、标准及生态补偿的效益等做了大量研究,但由于生态补偿具有很强的学科交叉性和地域差异性,致使上述研究尚存在较大分歧。生态补偿标准关系到生态补偿的可行性及效果,因此是生态补偿研究的核心,但目前还没有公认的量化方法。本文以黄河三角洲湿地为研究对象,探讨了依据生态价值损失来制定生态补偿标准的途径。文章首先运用市场价值法、环境保护投入费用评价法、生态价值法、成果参数法等计算了黄河三角洲因湿地面积减少和环境污染造成的直接市场价值和生态服务功能价值的损失量,然后以生态价值损失量为依据制定了湿地生态补偿的资金分配方案和补偿标准。研究结果表明,不同湿地类型的补偿标准不同。对于同一湿地类型,以生态功能价值损失为依据制定的补偿标准远高于以市场价值损失为依据制定的补偿标准。本研究为黄河三角洲地区实施湿地生态补偿提供了重要科学依据。

Study on Wetland Ecological Compensation Standard Based on the Value Loss in the Yellow River Delta

Ecological compensation as a new type of resource and environmental management has increasingly become a concern among Chinese and international scholars.Over the past 20 years,many international scholars have investigated the concepts,mechanisms,models,and methods of eco-compensation;however,eco-compensation issues have significant interdisciplinary and regional differences,causing discrepancy between results and conclusions.Compensation standards,which relate to compensation effects and feasibility,are foundational to ecological compensation.However,experts have different views on how to establish compensation standards.Therefore,this paper discusses the method of ecological compensation standards formulated.First,market value loss and ecological function value loss,caused by reduction of wetland area and environmental pollution;were calculated using commonly accepted methods of market valuation,ecological valuation,environmental protection investment cost analysis,and outcome parameters.And then,according to market value loss and ecological function value loss,fund allocation for wetlands and ecological compensation standard was preliminarily calculated.The results of the study show that the compensation standard of ecosystem services is far greater than the standard of market value.It is evident that the wetland ecological functions are crucial.This will provide an important reference for the future Yellow River Delta eco-compensation studies.