基于产业化发展的农业人才“回流”问题研究

农业产业化发展需要人才支持,但长期城乡二元经济体制、偏向城市的工业优先发展战略等,造成农业农村人才大量流失,出现人才"空心化"、产业化人才匮乏等问题。随着农业生产链条的不断延伸及分工与合作的逐步深化,满足产业化需求的人才结构也逐步细化,许多关键领域的人才缺口较大,如:推动产业化扩张和规模化发展的规划管理人才,提升产业科技水平和产业链延伸交融程度的农业技术人才,促进产业链顺利延伸和产业集群发展的综合服务人才等。当农业农村现有人才存量无法满足产业化发展需求时,在地方政府指导下,合理引导掌握一技之长的农民工、农村籍大学生以及非农籍社会人才回流农业,是确保农业产业化持续、快速、健康发展的重要措施。相应的,实现人才顺利回流农业,需通过日益延伸的农业产业链内部市场的利益联结机制,鼓励并引导产业化紧缺人才组成专业型或互补型人力资本团队并积极参与产业化过程。

Research on Agricultural Talents Recruitment Based on Industrialization Promotion

The industrialization of the agricultural sector demands the support of talents.But the long-term urban-rural dual economic system and the urban-favored industry priority development strategy has led to the outflow agricultural talents,the hollowness of talents and the shortage of industrial talents.With the progressive extension of agricultural production chain and the deepening of labor division and cooperation,the talent structure in the demand of industrialization has also differentiated gradually,which results in a widening gap of talents in key sectors,such as the industrialization-extension-promotion design management talents,the industrial-technological-and-industry-chain-mingling-promotion agricultural technicians and the comprehensive industry-chain-extension and industry-cluster-development-promotion service talents.When the existing talent stock in the agricultural country fails to meet the demand of industrial development,it is up to the local governments to guide properly the farmers with specific skills,college graduates from rural households and talents from other sources to flow back to the countryside and it is one of the significant measures to ensure the sustainable,fast and healthy development of agricultural industrialization.Correspondingly,the smooth backflow of talents to the agricultural countryside demands the establishment of a benefit association system in the ever-extending internal agricultural industry chain market and the encouragement of industry-demanding talents to build up professional and complementary human resources teams and to participate in the whole industrialization process.