排污补贴视角下的养殖户环保投资影响因素研究——基于沪、苏、浙生猪养殖户的调查分析

随着畜牧业的发展,畜牧业污染问题日益突出。解决污染问题的关键是增强养殖户参与,鼓励他们自发进行环保投资,而政府补贴对于具有外部性的生产投资活动均具有刺激作用。为了量化分析影响农户环保投资行为的各因素的作用程度,特别是政府补贴的激烈效果,本文运用调查结合实证的研究方法,在农户模型的分析框架上,以沪、苏、浙地区394户生猪养殖户的调查数据为基础,应用有序logit模型验证排污补贴、养殖户生产经营特征、环保需求特征对养殖户环保投资的作用。研究表明除了政府补贴会刺激养殖户的环保投资外,养殖规模对环保投资有激励作用,而养殖年限却会抑制环保投资。养殖户的个人特征,对污染的认知及参与污染治理的意愿也对环保投资水平有正的影响,但作用效果不明显。在此基础上,本文提出了合理制定和推进排污补贴政策,以"离牧补助"等形式促使养殖规模和环保要求不符的养殖户退出养殖业,加大畜牧业污染危害的宣传力度以及政府加强对污染处理技术的研发投资,从而降低处理成本等政策建议。

Study on the Factors Affecting Breeding Farmers' Environmental Investment in the Perspective of Pollution Subsidies: Based on the Survey of Farmers from Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang

Livestock pollution has become increasingly critical with the development of animal husbandry.To solve these problems,we should take farmers’ extensive participation into account and encourage their spontaneous environmental investment.Subsidy is the great incentive to this kind of investment activities with positive externalities.In order to quantitatively examine the effect of pollution subsidies on farmers’ environmental investment by isolating farmers’ production and management characteristics as well as their environmental demand feature,the paper applies ordered logit model to data on 394 breeding farmers from Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang based on the framework of farmer model.The results indicate that,besides the pollution subsidies,the breeding scale would increase environmental investment,while the breeding period would suppress investment in environmental protection.Personal characteristics of farmers,involvement and awareness of pollution control would increase environmental investment as well,but the effect is not obvious.The policy recommendations are as follows: reasonably develop and promote pollution subsidies.Provide subsidies to encourage farmers without proper breeding scale or environmental facilities quit animal husbandry.Enhance the knowledge awareness of livestock pollution hazards.Improve investment on research and development on pollution treatment technology by government and decrease the cost of treatment.