环境公平问题既有研究述评及研究框架思考

环境不公平问题,日益成为经济发展现实中的一个重要问题,也日益成为环境经济学的一个着重关注领域,但既有的研究尚缺乏系统性和理论基础。本文系统梳理了国内外关于环境公平定义的代表性观点,在此基础上提出了作者对环境公平的认识。然后笔者在各种形式的环境不公平研究(包括不同群体间的环境不公平问题的研究和不同区域间的环境不公平问题的研究)、环境公平问题的研究方法(主要指基于地理信息系统获取相应的变量数据进而用计量模型的方法和借鉴收入差距的分析方法)等既有研究进行梳理和简要评述的基础上,提出:环境不公平问题的实质是经济利益不公平问题的转化与延伸,应在这一认识前提下来探讨环境公平问题、来建立环境公平问题的研究框架。进而提出:以经济学方法讨论利益主体之间如何实现公平享有环境利益、公平分配使用环境容量、公平承受环境破坏后果、公平分担环境维护责任、公平分担环境治理成本,是环境公平问题研究的主要方向。

Research Frame and Survey of Environmental Equity Issue

The issue of environmental inequity is increasingly becoming an important issue and focus area in environmental economics.However,existing research lacks a systematic and theoretical basis.This paper systematically combines born domestic and foreign representative views on the definition of environmental equity,and based on this,the authors put forward their own definition of environmental equity.Based on reviewing and summarizing various forms of environmental equity(including the research on environmental inequity between different groups and environmental inequity between different regions) and research methods of environmental equity(mainly refers to the method using the Geographic Information System to obtain variable data which can be used in the econometric model and the other is the method used in income gap analysis),this paper proposes that the essence of environmental inequity is the transformation and extensions of economic inequity,explores the environmental equity issue and establishes the research frame work which should be in this premise.Then it concludes that the main direction of future is: how to realize enjoy environmental interests justly between stakeholders,fair distribution of environmental capacity use,fair bear of environmental damage consequence,fair share of environmental maintenance responsibility,and fair share of environmental management cost.