中国荒漠化土地分布地域特征及其治理措施的评估

中国已存在的荒漠化土地面积111.7万km₂，占国土面积的11.6％，其中风力作用下的荒漠化土地占33.2％，水蚀作用下的占33.8％，物理及化学作用下的占33.0％。另外中国还分别有易受风力、水力作用和盐渍化影响的潜在荒漠化土地53.5万km₂、87.5万km₂和17.3万km₂，共计270.0万km₂，占国土面积28.1％。中国土地荒漠化是脆弱生态条件下，人口过快增长、人为不合理的经营活动如水资源利用不当、过度开垦、过度放牧、过度樵采及工矿建设所造成植被破坏、污染等所致。中国的荒漠化土地分布在不同的自然地带，其分布形式有如下两个特点：（1）荒漠化土地分布地区都是人类强度经济活动的地区；（2）荒漠化土地呈片状或斑点状断续分布，而不是大面积区域性连续分布。近几十年，中国土地荒漠化经过治理个别地区有所逆转，但总体上仍在发展中，如中国北方农牧交错地区土地沙质荒漠化每年仍以1.39％的速率递增。最后，针对中国土地荒漠化分布特征及发展趋势，对现有治理措施进行了评估，指出了土地荒漠化防治的对策及治理的基本途径。

Features of distribution and assessment for control measures of desertification in China

In China, desertification has already reached 1117000 km2, or 11.6% of China's total area,with 33.2% caused by wind action,33. 8% by water action and 33. 0% by physical and chemical action. Besides, 1583000 km2 of arable land or 16. 5% of China's total area is susceptible to desertification, with 535 000 km2 susceptible to wind action, 875000 km2 susceptible to water action and 173000 km2 susceptible to salinization. Desertification in China results from the overgrowth of population and irrational human activities, such as abuse of water resources, over -cultivation, overgrazing and pollution caused by industry and mining under fragile ecological conditions. Finally,the distribution and current control measures are disscused in this paper.