进近着陆运输飞行事故原因及预防对策研究

进近着陆是最容易发生重大运输飞行事故的阶段,笔者对1980—1996年发生的民航运输飞行进近着陆事故进行了统计分析。结果表明:事故的主要原因是人为因素和环境因素,事故结果主要为飞机失去控制和可控飞行撞地的结果,飞机撞地后起火往往造成机组人员和乘客大量伤亡;加强研究民航飞行安全中的人为因素控制,改善进近着陆的环境系统,重视机场应急计划的编制和应急救援的模拟演练等措施,对降低进近着陆阶段的飞行事故次数、改善航空运输安全和减少人员伤亡具有重要意义。

Cause Analysis on Approach-and-landing Loss Accidents and Their Countermeasures

Approach-and-landing loss accidents occupy about 50% of all transportation flight accidents. The data of approach-and-landing accidents in 1980-1996 are analyzed. The results shoat that the main causes are human error by crew and environment factors resulted in loss of control and controlled-flight-into-terrain with terrible fire causing severe casualty. It is concluded that to reinforce the study on human error and to improve the approach-and-landing environment are crucial. The emergency response preparedness for airport be well formulated and emergency rescue drilling must be frequently conducted. These countermeasures would undoubtedly reduce the occurrence of approach-and-landing loss accidents; the flight safety would be surely improved and casualty would, be lowered.