冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究——以河北省怀来县为例

景观格局的改变会对区域生态系统功能产生影响,对其格局进行优化调控是维持区域生态系统功能稳定性的重要手段。研究以怀来县为例,通过解译判读1993、2003和2013年3期遥感影像,分析了研究区景观格局特征,发现研究区景观破碎化程度呈上升趋势,结合各景观类型在地形位上的分布特征和生态系统服务功能,运用最小累积阻力模型构建了生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分,整体连通性指数（dIIC）和可能连通性指数（dPC）评价结果表明河流交汇处及水库周边等区域对景观连通性重要值最大,然后划分了景观生态维持区、景观生态恢复区、景观生态功能强化区和景观生态功能保护区,为该地区景观生态优化提供指导 借鉴。

Study on the Change and Optimization of Landscape Pattern in the Basin of Northwest Hebei Mountains—A Case Study of Huailai County,Hebei Province

Optimal allocation of land resources is an effective way of sustainable utilization of land resources. The study has paid more attention to the problem of the land quantity structure which often took maximum economic benefit as the goal while ignored the influence of spatial pattern on ecological processes, so the eco-environment problems were becoming more and more serious. The landscape pattern was closely related to ecological processes. The change of landscape patterns would influence the ecosystem functions. Therefore, optimized regulation of landscape patterns is of great importance for maintaining the stability of ecosystem functions. The basin of Northwest Hebei mountains is in the upper zone of Beijing. The changes of landscape pattern have important influence on the eco-environment of Beijing and even the whole region. Huailai County in this region is close to Beijing. Under the background of coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Huailai County plays an important ecological role in the ecological protection of Beijing and Tianjin. This study takes Huailai County as an example to analyze the characteristics of landscape patterns with three remote sensing datasets in 1993, 2003 and 2013. Results indicate an increasing landscape fragmentation in this area. From 1993 to 2013, the number of landscape patches in the study area increased by 1 664, the degree of fragmentation index increasing from 5.44 to 6.38, landscape shape index increasing from 44.46 to 47.38. Meanwhile, the connectivity presents a downward trend. Generally, the stability of landscape pattern was decreasing. In combination with the distribution of different landscape types patterns on the terrain niche and the functions of ecosystem services, minimum cumulative resistance model was used to construct the landscape components of ecological source, ecological corridors and ecological nodes. The ecological corridors all distribute round the towns and Guanting Reservoir, and along major rivers and roads as well. Ecological nodes concentrate at the river confluences north and south to the Guanting Reservoir, valley mouth, river flat, and reservoirs and wetlands around the town and woodland. The obtained dIIC and dPC show that river confluences and the surrounding area of the reservoirs are the most important to landscape connectivity. Based on the above research, maintain areas, restoration areas, enhancement areas and protection areas of landscape are divided which will be useful for the optimization of ecological landscape. According to the characteristics of differentiation, the corresponding measures of optimized allocation of landscape in each kind of region are discussed.