Assessing and managing the risks of accidental releases of hazardous gas: A case study of natural gas wells contaminated with hydrogen sulfide |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;2. College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;1. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), 60111, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China;2. Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China;3. College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. Department of Architectural Engineering and Technology (AE+T), TU Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands;2. Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering (DIAEE), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Natural gas wells contaminated with the toxic gas hydrogen sulfide (i.e., sour-gas wells) pose potential health risks to workers and to nearby residents. The health risks are a function of the dose-response relationship of hydrogen sulfide, the likelihood of accidental releases, gaseous emission rates, the nature of releases at the well head, dispersion of the emitted gas, and the characteristics of the population at risk. We discuss each of these factors and present a risk analysis of a hypothetical sour-gas well in the vicinity of Evanston, WY. We found that the greatest risks for life-threatening effects would occur in the northwest downwind sector after a horizontal release of gas at the well. Subacute effects (e.g., respiratory irritation) after a vertical release of gas would occur primarily to the northeast. Management of health risks involves the use of techniques for preventing inadvertent releases and methods for limiting population exposures. |
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