荧光原位杂交技术在环境微生物生态学解析中的应用研究

近年来 ,诸多国家在环境微生物领域先后开展了分子生物学研究方法的建立和生物学评价工作。一些不依靠纯培养的微生物群落的分析方法已得到广泛应用和发展。荧光原位杂交 (FISH)技术 ,具有细胞在测定过程中不被破坏、形状不改变、特异性强、能够真实反映在自然环境下微生物的情况及分布等特点 ,在环境微生物群落探测分析中已逐渐被广泛应用。该技术利用带有荧光标记的特异性寡核苷酸探针 ,与细胞内相应的靶核糖体结合 ,能将微生物探测、鉴定到属和种的水平。运用于硝化细菌、除磷细菌和丝状微生物等废水处理中常见的特征性微生物种群和群落生态学研究中 ,颇为高效。该技术的应用避免了传统培养方法进行鉴定和计数的局限性 ,在环境微生物生态学解析中具有较高应用价值。

Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization in analysis of environmental microbial ecology

Recently, molecular biology methods are established and biology evaluation are carried out in environmental microbiology field in many countries. Some methods to analyse microbiological community without traditional culture-based methods are used extensively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology can exactly reflect the natural colonial morphology of culturable and unculturable organisms. In FISH method, especial probes are used to hybridize with targeted rRNA in cells, and the exact identification of bacteria can be attained to genus and species level. Nitrifying bacterium probes, phosphate-removing bacterium probes, and filamentous bacterium probes are often used in microbiology morphology, count, spatial distribution studies. FISH technology avoids the localization of bacterial traditional culture-based methods, and has a great potential in environmental microbial ecology analysis.