中条山十八河铜尾矿库微生物群落组成与环境适应性

为了揭示尾矿区重金属污染与微生物群落组成和多样性的关系,本文选择中条山十八河铜尾矿库的水体、底泥以及矿砂为研究对象,比较分析不同生境中微生物群落组成的差异,及其与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,矿砂中微生物群落的丰富度和多样性最大,而水体中微生物群落的丰富度和多样性最小;在门和目水平上均表现出水体与底泥中微生物群落组成相似,而与矿砂的差异较大;8个优势科中只有鞘脂单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)细菌的相对丰度与重金属(Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn)含量存在显著的正相关关系,而其余7个优势科:柄杆菌科(Caulobacteraceae)、甲基杆菌科(Methylobacteriaceae)、类诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)、微杆菌科(Microbacteriaceae)、微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)、链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)和类芽孢杆菌科(Paenibacillaceae)细菌的相对丰度与重金属含量存在显著的负相关关系,表明多数细菌都会受到重金属的抑制,而鞘脂单胞菌科细菌对重金属有较高的耐受性,因此具有修复重金属污染的潜力.

Composition and Environmental Adaptation of Microbial Community in Shibahe Copper Tailing in Zhongtiao Mountain in Shanxi

In order to reveal the effects of heavy metal pollution on microbial community compositions and microbial community diversity in tailing area,we conducted an experiment by examining the microbial community in tailing water,sediments and tailing sand in Shibahe copper tailing in Zhongtiao Mountain.Differences in microbial community compositions in different habitats and their relationships with environmental parameters were analyzed.The results showed that the richness and diversity of microbial community were the largest in tailing sand,but the lowest in tailing water.Microbial community compositions were similar between tailing water and sediments.There were significant positive correlations between the relative abundance of the dominant family (Sphingomonadaceae) and contents of heavy metals (Cd,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn),while there were significant negative correlations between relative abundances of aulobacteraceae, Methylobacteriaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, Streptococcaceae and Paenibacillaceae and heavy metal contents.It showed that most of the bacteria were inhibited by heavy metals,but Sphingomonadaceae had a higher tolerance to heavy metals which may indicate that it has a potential for remediation of heavy metal contamination.