施用污泥堆肥品对土壤和植物总汞及甲基汞的影响

采用田间试验,分别施加两种不同的污泥堆肥品(含生物质炭和不含生物质炭),研究污泥堆肥土地利用过程土壤及植物总汞和甲基汞变化情况、迁移转化特征和植物富集能力.结果表明,施加污泥堆肥品会引起土壤总汞和甲基汞含量升高,但总汞含量低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准.生物质炭堆肥品可能促进土壤汞的甲基化,但不同处理土壤甲基汞/总汞(Me Hg/THg)比值较低.植物成熟后不同处理植物总汞含量明显低于幼苗期,而甲基汞含量均高于幼苗期.施加两种堆肥品对植物富集总汞没有明显差异,但对甲基汞富集影响显著.施加生物质炭堆肥品的土壤甲基汞含量明显高于施加无生物质炭堆肥品的土壤,而植物甲基汞含量则相反.生物质炭的加入可能有利于土壤甲基汞形成,但不利于甲基汞的迁移,抑制植物对土壤甲基汞的富集.植物对甲基汞的富集能力较强(富集系数为1.24~14.63),需关注长期施肥带来的土壤环境汞生态风险.

Effect of Sewage Sludge Compost Products Application on Total Mercury and Methylmercury in Soil and Plants

Two different sludge composting products (with and without biochar) were applied in field to study the variations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in soil and plants,as well as their migration in the soil-plant system and accumulation ability in plants during the sludge compost land use process.The results indicated that the concentrations THg and MeHg in soil increased after applying sewage sludge compost products,while the THg level was still lower than the secondary standard of national soil environmental quality.Biochar was speculated to probably promote the soil mercury methylation with lower MeHg/THg ratios in different soil treatments.THg concentrations in mature plants were significantly lower than those in seedling stage,but MeHg levels were higher than those in seedling stage.An obvious influence of composting on MeHg enrichment in plants was observed,and this similar effect was not found for THg enrichment.MeHg concentration in the soils applied with biochar compost was significantly higher than that without applying biochar compost soil,while MeHg in plant presented a contrary trend with higher level observed in no-biochar compost soil,suggesting that the addition of biochar could be in favour of soil MeHg formation and inhibit the MeHg accumulation in plants by influencing its migration.Since a strong MeHg accumulation ability with BCF of 1.24-14.63 was present in plant,the mercury ecological risk in soil environment caused by long-term fertilizing should be noticed.