宁夏黄土丘陵区农田土壤细菌海拔分布特征

研究农田土壤微生物多样性、结构与功能的海拔分布特征及其影响因子,对保护农田生态系统生物多样性具有重要意义.利用高通量测序技术对宁夏黄土丘陵区农田土壤细菌多样性、群落结构和代谢功能沿海拔分布特征及其对土壤理化性质的响应进行分析.结果表明:①土壤细菌Alpha多样性指数与海拔呈显著负相关,沿海拔呈现先降低再略升高的变化趋势.②变形菌（Proteobacteria）、放线菌（Actinobacteria）和酸杆菌（Acidobacteria）等7个菌门为优势菌群,其中5个菌群在海拔间具有极显著性差异.③二级分类水平上包括膜运输、碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢等36个细菌代谢功能,其中22个在不同海拔间具有显著性差异,12个具有极显著性差异.④Pearson相关分析表明,土壤含水量、容重、pH和碳氮比对细菌Alpha多样性影响最为显著,总有机碳、全氮和全磷等土壤养分对细菌Beta多样性具有显著影响.⑤Mantel分析表明,门水平细菌群落结构受土壤含水量、总有机碳和碳氮比影响,细菌代谢功能与土壤pH、总有机碳、全氮、全磷和碳氮比均有显著相关性.方差分解分析显示土壤含水量对群落结构解释度最高,pH对代谢功能解释度最高.由此可知,土壤含水量和pH是影响宁夏黄土丘陵区农田土壤细菌多样性、群落组成和代谢功能的主要土壤因子.

Altitude Distribution Characteristics of Farmland Soil Bacteria in Loess Hilly Region of Ningxia

It is of great significance for the conservation of biodiversity in farmland ecosystems to study the diversity, structure, functions, and biogeographical distribution of soil microbes in farmland and their influencing factors. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of soil bacterial diversity, community structure, and metabolic function along elevation and their responses to soil physicochemical properties in farmland in the loess hilly areas of Ningxia. The results showed that:① The Alpha diversity index of soil bacterial was significantly negatively correlated with elevation (P < 0.05) and showed a trend of decreasing and then slightly increasing along the elevation. ② Seven phyla, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, were the dominant groups, and five of them showed highly significant differences between altitudes (P < 0.01). ③ At the secondary classification level, there were 36 metabolic functions of bacteria, including membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, of which 22 showed significant differences, and 12 showed extremely significant differences among different altitudes. ④ Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil water content, bulk density, pH, and carbon-nitrogen ratio had the most significant effects on bacterial Alpha diversity, whereas soil nutrients such as total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus had significant effects on bacterial Beta diversity. ⑤ Mantel test analysis showed that the soil water content, total organic carbon, and carbon-nitrogen ratio affected bacterial community structure at the phylum level, and soil pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and carbon-nitrogen ratio were significantly correlated with bacterial metabolic function. Variance partitioning analysis showed that soil water content had the highest explanation for the community structure of soil bacteria, whereas soil pH had the highest explanation for metabolic function. In conclusion, soil water content and pH were the main factors affecting the diversity, community composition, and metabolic function of soil bacteria in farmland in the loess hilly region of Ningxia.