不同改良物料对盐碱土壤真菌群落结构的影响

研究不同改良物料对盐碱土壤理化性质和真菌群落结构的影响,可为合理改良盐碱土壤提供理论依据.以内蒙河套平原中度盐碱土壤为试验地,采用高通量测序技术,探讨了空白对照（CK）、脱硫石膏（T1）、土壤改良剂（T2）、有机肥（T3）和脱硫石膏复配土壤改良剂与有机肥（T4）等5个处理对土壤理化性质和真菌群落多样性、组成和结构的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,改良处理显著提高了速效磷、速效钾、有机质和碱解氮含量,同时T4处理显著降低了土壤pH；改良处理增加了真菌多样性,但降低了真菌丰富度；改良后的土壤优势真菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门,优势菌属为被孢霉属、Conocybe、Botryotrichum、镰刀菌属和假单胞菌属.改良处理增加了子囊菌门、担子菌门、镰刀菌属和假单胞菌属的相对丰度,但降低了被孢霉门、壶菌门和被孢霉属的相对丰度；LEfSe分析表明,改良处理改变了真菌群落的生物标志物；相关性分析表明,pH和速效钾是影响真菌群落结构的主要环境因子.研究结果可为改良内蒙河套平原盐碱土壤,提高土壤养分提供科学依据.

Effects of Different Modified Materials on Soil Fungal Community Structure in Saline-Alkali Soil

Studying the effects of different modified materials on the physicochemical properties and fungal community structure of saline-alkali soil can provide theoretical basis for reasonable improvement of saline-alkali soil. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the effects of five treatments, namely, control (CK), desulfurization gypsum (T1), soil ameliorant (T2), organic fertilizer (T3), and desulfurization gypsum compounds soil ameliorant and organic fertilizer (T4), on soil physicochemical properties and fungal community diversity, composition, and structure of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that compared with those in CK, the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and alkali hydrolysis nitrogen were significantly increased in modified material treatments, and the T4 treatment significantly decreased soil pH. Modified treatments increased the Simpson and Shannon indexes of fungi but decreased the Chao1 index. The dominant fungi were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, and the dominant genera were Mortierella, Conocybe, Botryotrichum, Fusarium, and Pseudogymnoascus. The application of modified materials increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Fusarium, and Pseudogymnoascus, while decreasing the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Mortierella. LEfSe analysis showed that modified treatments altered the fungal community biomarkers. Correlation analysis showed that pH and available potassium were the main environmental factors affecting fungal community structure. The results can provide scientific basis for improving saline-alkali soil and increasing soil nutrients in Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia.