美国水质基准技术分析与我国相关基准的构建

介绍了以保护自然生态系统中水生生物为主要目标的美国水质基准技术指南. “指南"在研究个体水平的动、植物毒性数据的基础上进行数理分析，得出数值化的环境水质基准，并给出了相关计算模式和技术路线. 指出基准构建在种群、群落和生态系统水平等的毒性试验数据应用方面还有待发展完善，另外，“指南”中选择的试验生物也不适用于我国水质基准的制订研究. 以辽河流域为例，对我国水质基准的研究提出如下建议:①试验生物应选择有区域代表性的特征物种，我国基本可以采用US EPA规定的物种选用原则，但须包括鲤科鱼类；②关注种群和群落水平的毒性数据；③基于当地物种和水质状况或水生态功能分区信息制订区域水质基准. 

Analysis of Guidelines for Deriving Water Quality Criteria in the United States and Construction of Related Criteria in China

This paper introduces the United States' “Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and their Uses." According to the guidelines, numerical water quality criteria were derived on the basis of screening and analysis of toxicity test data of individual animal and plant species. The guidelines show some calculation models and technical routes. The guidelines, however, have some weaknesses in the aspect of super-individual toxicity tests, such as population, community and ecosystem tests. In addition, the test organisms used in the guidelines are not suitable for the study of water quality criteria in China. The following suggestions are given for the study of water quality criteria in China, taking the Liao River as an example: (1) resident Chinese species should be used on the basis of selection principles of test species in the guidelines, and the family Cyprinidae must be included; (2) data analysis of population and community toxicity tests should be further considered; (3) the site-specific criteria should be derived based on the test data of local species, water characteristics and results of ecological function zoning.