湖北省钉螺分布现状的地理特征分析

湖北省是我国血吸虫病疫情最严重的区域之一，是我国血防工作的重点区域。近些年来，虽然湖北省的血防工作取得了显著成就，但疫情仍时有发生，实现血吸虫病传播阻断的目标还有大量工作要做。由于钉螺是血吸虫病传播的唯一中间环节，灭螺、控螺就成为血防工作最重要、最有效的途径之一。鉴于此，对湖北省近期钉螺的地理分布进行了详细的制图与空间分析，对于确定灭螺、控螺的重点区域具有明显的指示意义。首先收集整理了湖北省血吸虫年报及各县市的查灭螺资料，并利用软件ArcGIS软件将钉螺螺情数据导入数据库，建立湖北省钉螺地理信息基础数据库，绘制了钉螺空间分布图，然后对钉螺分布的空间特征进行了分析。主要结论如下：省内钉螺及钉螺易感地带沿长江中游、汉江两岸以及与两江相通的湖泊洪泛区分布，并呈明显的粗带状；各流行区类型（湖沼垸外亚型、湖沼垸内亚型和山丘型类型）钉螺地理空间分布具有明显的区域差异；江湖洲滩为钉螺主要孳生环境，总体沿两江呈不连续窄带状分布，沟港环境钉螺分布范围广而离散

CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF Onocomelania hupensis’s GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN HUBEI PROVINCE

Hubei is one of the most serious outbreak regions of schistosomiasis,and it is the focus of schistosomiasis’s control and prevention in China.In recent years,although schistosomiasis’s control and prevention in Hubei Province has made remarkable achievements,outbreaks still occur frequently.To achieve the task of blocking schistosomiasis transmission,a lot of work needs to do.As Oncomelania hupensis is the only middle vector of schistosome,elimination and control of Oncomelania hupensis have become the most important and effective way to control and prevent schistosomiasis.This paper carried out a detailed mapping and spatial analysis of Oncomelania hupensis’s geographical distribution in Hubei Province.It is of clear indicative significance to position the key areas of Oncomelania hupensis’s elimination and control.Firstly,Annual Schistosome Reports of Hubei Province and the data of Onocomelania hupensis survey and extermination in each counties were collected.Onocomelania hupensis’s attribute data were imported into the vector layer of administrative counties of Hubei Province with software ArcGIS 9.2.Then,Hubei Onocomelania hupensis’s geographic information database was set up,and the electronic map of the distributing districts that Onocomelania hupensi inhabit was established.By analyzing,the following conclusions can be drawn out:(1) Onocomelania and Onocomelania hupensis’s susceptible areas distributed in both shores of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Han River,and across flooding areas of lakes connecting with this two river,forming a clearly thick belt.(2) The Onocomelania hupensis’s geographical distribution areas of the three schistosomiasis endemic types,including the subtype of lakes and marshes outside embankment,the subtype of lakes and marshes inside embankment and the type of massif,display significant regional differences.(3) Bottomland of rivers and lakes,which present a narrow Y-shaped along the two rivers,is the main breeding environment of Onocomelania hupensis,and distribution of Onocomelania hupensis in areas of ditches and ports is wide and discrete.