APEC会议期间石家庄市大气污染特征及空气质量保障措施效果评估

为研究2014年APEC会议期间(11月1—11日)石家庄市大气污染特征并评估空气质量保障措施效果,对处理不同功能区的封龙山站(背景站)、人民会堂站(市区站)、高新区站(开发区站)的ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)、ρ(CO)、ρ(O₃)、ρ(PM_2.5)、ρ(PM₁₀)进行分析,对比了各站点APEC会中与会后、APEC会议期间与2013年同期的空气质量等级状况及污染物质量浓度的变化. 结果表明:2014年APEC会议期间石家庄市整体空气质量好于2013年同期,除O₃外,其余各大气污染物的质量浓度均有明显降低,其中封龙山站的ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)、ρ(CO)、ρ(PM_2.5)、ρ(PM₁₀)较2013年同期分别下降了55.1%、22.9%、16.7%、36.8%、31.0%,人民会堂站的降幅分别为35.5%、28.0%、32.6%、36.9%、56.2%,高新区站的降幅分别为49.4%、26.6%、16.5%、32.9%、53.5%. 应急减排措施也使各站点的首要污染物发生了明显变化,其中扬尘控制措施有效遏制了PM₁₀对于市区站和高新区站的影响,而对于高架源的控制也有效降低了背景站的SO₂污染水平. 结合后向气流轨迹和气象图分析发现,尽管2014年APEC会议期间石家庄市的气象条件较2013年同期更不利于污染物扩散(污染气象指数等级高、气团滞留时间长),但通过地方政府采取的一系列应急减排措施,其空气质量仍有明显改善. 

Characteristics of Air Pollution and Evaluation of the Effects of Air Quality Assurance Measures in Shijiazhuang City during the 2014 APEC Meeting

In order to study the characteristics of air pollution and evaluate the effects of air pollution emergency control measures in Shijiazhuang City on November 1st to 11th 2014 APEC meeting, the air pollutants' concentrations and emission reduction amounts were comparatively studied. Three sites in different functional areas were chosen (Fenglongshan (FLS, background site), Renminhuitang (RMHT, downtown site) and Gaoxinqu (GXQ, industrial site)). Hourly average SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were analyzed. The results show that air quality was better during APEC 2014 than during the same period in 2013, during which most of the pollutants (except ozone) were significantly decreased. ρ(SO₂), ρ(NO₂), ρ(CO), ρ(PM_2.5) and ρ(PM₁₀) concentrations during APEC 2014 decreased by 55.1%, 22.9%, 16.7%, 36.8% and 31.0% at FLS, 35.5%, 28.0%, 32.6%, 36.9% and 56.2% at RMHT, 49.4%, 26.6%, 16.5%, 32.9% and 53.5% at GXQ, respectively, compared with those concentrations during the same period in 2013. Additionally, the major pollutants in different functional areas were also greatly changed, as a result of the air pollution emergency control measures. In the downtown area and industrial sites, the control of dust showed significant effects on the concentration of PM₁₀. The control of high altitude emissions (e.g., power plants) proved to be an effective way to lower the concentration of SO₂ in the background area. Back trajectory analysis was used to study the air mass origination and further evaluate the air pollution/meteorological conditions based on the weather chart. Although the meteorological conditions during APEC 2014 were found to be worse than those of the same period in 2013, the air quality was significantly improved due to the control measures.