从提前调整费率论日本劳灾保险与劳灾预防相结合

如何建立工伤保险与工伤事故预防有机结合的机制 ,不仅是我国工伤保险制度改革的重要课题 ,也是日本工伤社会保险改革过程的重要内容之一。日本打破了每隔 3年对费率进行一次调整的惯例 ,从2 0 0 3年度开始 ,提前一年执行了平均被下调了 1‰的新的劳灾保险费率体系。笔者对此举动阐述了以下观点 :除从厚生劳动省说明的近年来劳灾事故大幅度减少及为减轻企业主的负担等原因外 ,还应从处理劳灾保险制度与劳灾事故预防工作的关系上分析提前调整费率的动机。即这个重要决策旨在强调劳灾保险与事故预防的有机结合、利用保险费率的经济杠杆作用 ,借“第 10个防止劳动灾害五年规划”启动之良机 ,全面提高劳动安全卫生管理水平。

Discussion on Correlating Laborers' Compensation Insurance with Prevention of Industrial Accidents from the View of Adjusting the Premium Rate in Advance

To correlate the compensation insurance with the prevention of accident damage not only constitutes an important project in the reform of compensation insurance mechanism for accident damage in China, but also is one of the main subjects in the reform of the social insurance for accident damage in Japan. In 2003, one year ahead of the schedule, the premium rate of compensation insurance for laborer, conventionally adjusted triennially, was decreased by 1‰. The author considers that the motive of this measure is not only based on the fact that accidents have been decreased greatly in recent years so as to lighten entrepreneurs' load, but also aimed at the correlation between laborers' compensation insurance with prevention of industrial accidents by taking this measure as the economic lever to promote the management of occupational safety and health especially in the occasion of the beginning of 10th five year plan for occupational accident prevention.