拉萨市餐馆厨房内空气污染特征

2010年8月对拉萨市4个餐馆厨房内细颗粒(PM_2.5)和CO的浓度进行监测，以认识2种污染物的污染水平、日变化特征及主要影响因素；同时采集气溶胶样品，以分析颗粒物中有毒元素的含量特征.结果表明:厨房1～4内的ρ(PM_2.5)的平均值分别为0.356，2.045，1.387和0.191 mg/m3，φ(CO)的平均值分别为20.600×10-6，142.900×10-6，9.200×10-6和7.800×10-6，藏式餐馆厨房内的φ(CO)明显高于汉式餐馆厨房；厨房内的ρ(PM_2.5)，φ(CO)和φ(CO₂)的日变化具有一致性，且污染物浓度峰值与就餐活动有很好的对应关系；厨房内气溶胶中的ρ(Cu),ρ(Zn),ρ(Cd),ρ(As),ρ(Pb)和ρ(Bi)等很高，均高于室外空气，且藏式餐馆厨房高于汉式餐馆，其中ρ(Cu)最高，在藏、汉式餐馆的厨房内分别高达5.684和2.081 μg/m3，分别是室外的236和111倍，这可能是液化气炉子铜质出气口在高温下的损耗所致. 

Indoor Air Pollution in Restaurant Kitchens in Lhasa

Concentrations of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) and carbon monoxide(CO) in the kitchens of four restaurants in Lhasa were observed in August 2010 in order to understand their pollution levels,daily variation characteristics and main influencing factors.Meanwhile,aerosol samples were collected to investigate the concentrations of toxic elements.The result indicated that the 24-hour average mass concentrations of PM2.5 of the four studied kitchens were 0.356,2.045,1.387 and 0.191 mgm3,while the concentrations of CO were 20.600×10-6,142.900×10-6,9.200×10-6 and 7.800×10-6,respectively.The average CO concentration within Tibetan-style kitchens was higher than that of Han-style ones.Diurnal variations of PM2.5,CO and CO2 concentrations were similar,with multiple peaks which were closely connected to the daily meal periods.Mass concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cd,As,Pb and Bi in the aerosols from the restaurants were higher than those of the outdoor air.Among these elements,the mass concentration of Cu were highest,being 5.684 μg/m3 in the Tibetan-style kitchens and 2.081 μg/m3 in the Han-style kitchens.These values were 236 and 111 times higher,respectively,than the outdoor concentrations.The high Cu mass concentrations might be associated with the wear and tear of the copper outlet of the liquid gas stove operating at high temperatures.