土壤优先水流及污染物优先迁移的研究进展

土壤优先水流是非平衡管道流。土壤优先水流具有优先穿透、侧向入渗、穿透曲线不对称性和拖尾等特征。因其与土壤的作用较弱，并可携带溶质快速穿透土壤，造成土壤水分和养分利用率下降，同时导致地下水污染。向下移动的ＮＯ_３~－农药和其它溶质造成的地下水溶质浓度的变化远高于期望值。本文从土壤优先水流的产生机理出发，综述了土壤优先水流的特征、土壤优先水流的研究方法、土壤优先水流对环境的影响和土壤优先水流的研究进展，并对该领域研究的发展趋势进行了探讨。

Preferential Flow and Contaminant Preferential Migration in Soil: A Review

Soil preferential flow is the non-equilibrium channeling flow. It characterizes as preferential breakthrough, lateral infiltration, non-symmetric and tailing breakthrough curve, etc, and interacts slightly with the soil and carries solute rapidly through the soil. As a result the utilization the of soil water and nutrient declined, and the groundwater is contaminated. The solute concentration of groundwater containing nitrate, pesticide and other solute,is much higher than the expectation. This paper reviews the characteristics, research methods, state-of-the-art and prospective of preferential flow and solute migration and their effects on the environment