基于EPANET-MSX的多组分给水管网水质模型的开发与应用

基于EPANET-MSX工具包开发了机制性的多组分给水管网水质模型，模型将管段概化为管壁、生物膜、液膜和液相4个组成部分.模拟过程包括基质利用和微生物生长、微生物衰减和死亡、溶解性物质的液膜传质、不溶性物质的吸附和脱落、余氯与有机物的氧化和卤代反应以及管壁腐蚀消耗余氯等.模拟变量共15个，包括生物膜和液相中各7个变量，即溶解性有机物、不溶性有机物、氨氮、余氯、异养菌、自养菌和惰性颗粒，以及管壁生物膜厚度.利用管段模拟实验数据进行模型验证，模型对余氯和浊度的模拟精度分别为0.1 mg/L和0.3 NTU.案例研究的模拟结果合理地反映了给水管网中余氯和浊度的动态变化特征，而同时考虑水厂出水水质可变性和参数不确定性的Monte Carlo模拟则可用于评价案例给水管网的水质超标风险.

Development and Application of a Multi-Species Water Quality Model for Water Distribution Systems with EPANET-MSX

A conceptual multi-species water quality model for water distribution systems was developed on the basis of the toolkit of the EPANET-MSX software. The model divided the pipe segment into four compartments including pipe wall, biofilm, boundary layer and bulk liquid. The involved processes were substrate utilization and microbial growth, decay and inactivation of microorganisms, mass transfer of soluble components through the boundary layer, adsorption and desorption of particular components between bulk liquid and biofilm, oxidation and halogenation of organic matter by residual chlorine, and chlorine consumption by pipe wall. The fifteen simulated variables included the seven common variables both in the biofilm and in the bulk liquid, i.e. soluble organic matter, particular organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, residual chlorine, heterotrophic bacteria, autotrophic bacteria and inert solids, as well as biofilm thickness on the pipe wall. The model was validated against the data from a series of pilot experiments, and the simulation accuracy for residual chlorine and turbidity were 0.1 mg/L and 0.3 NTU respectively. A case study showed that the model could reasonably reflect the dynamic variation of residual chlorine and turbidity in the studied water distribution system, while Monte Carlo simulation, taking into account both the variability of finished water from the waterworks and the uncertainties of model parameters, could be performed to assess the violation risk of water quality in the water distribution system.