一种多元复合型液氨洗消剂的实验研究

采用含有MgCl2,AlCl3及氟表面活性剂的多元复合型水洗消剂对液氨泄漏进行模拟洗消实验研究,并探讨洗消剂的浓度、Mg/Al配比和洗消时间等对其洗消效率的影响。经研究发现,相比于含有单一金属离子的溶液,Mg2+和Al3+配比为1∶1(摩尔比)的混合溶液具有最佳的洗消效果,两者之间存在着协同洗消作用。该洗消剂可将NH3完全转变为NH4+,自身则转变为无毒无害的氢氧化物,洗消彻底。少量氟表面活性剂的加入,可以降低洗消剂的表面张力,改善细水雾的流动特性。对洗消剂的稳定性及其对洗消装备的腐蚀性也进行了研究。相对于传统的纯水或稀酸型洗消剂,该多元复合型洗消剂配制工艺简单,洗消效率高,洗消彻底,洗消产物无毒无害,是一种高效的环保型洗消剂。

Experimental Study on the Decontamination of Ammonia by Using a New Type of Multi-component Solution

A kind of multi-component solution containing magnesium chloride,aluminum chloride and fluorine surfactant was experimentally used to decontaminate leaked ammonia.Effects of the concentration of inorganic salts,molar ratio of Mg2+ to Al3+ and the decontamination time on the decontaminating efficiency was studied.It was found that the decontaminant solution with the molar ratio of Mg2+ to Al3+ being one to one showed superior performance to that of the counterparts containing only one metal ions,which implied a synergetic effect between Mg2+ and Al`3+.Such decontaminant could completely transformed NH3 into NH+4;meanwhile,nontoxic hydroxides were produced.The addition of a small amount of fluorine surfactant can improve the solution fluidity by decreasing the surface tension.Furthermore,the stability and acidity of the decontaminant solution were also investigated.Compared with the conventional pure water or hydrochloric acid solution,this new decontaminant had such advantages as easy preparation,high efficiency,low corrosiveness and environment-friendliness.