数字长江河道实验中遥感技术应用研究——以长江江苏段为例

在数字长江河道试验中充发分挥遥感技术的作用，应用多平台，多时相遥感技术，对长江河床演变、江岸变迁、河道边界条件、护岸工程等进行数据采集，建立长江河道数据库。开展南通河段水深遥感探测试验，在水深遥感机理分析的基础上，通过准同步的遥感光谱亮度值与相关水深实测数据的计算，建立该河段水深遥感模型，对河床水下地形进行反演。试验研究表明，应用陆地卫星TM数据对含沙量较高的长江河口段水深进行探测有一定的效果，其探测深度可达5m。对近岸水深条件及岸线资源利用现状进行数据采集，在GIS支持下，应用地理信息图谱方法对江岸稳定性进行综合评价，将岸线根据其稳定性划分为稳定岸、强侵蚀岸、弱侵蚀岸、强淤积岸的弱淤积岸5个类型，根据其近岸水深条件划分为深水岸、中深水岸和浅水岸三大类型，建立长江岸线资源专题数据库。在此基础上，对长江江苏段河道演变特征、江岸稳定性及不同性质岸线的利用情况进行分析研究，提出河道整治、防洪和岸线资源合理开发利用的对策建议。

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN THE EXPERIMENT OFDIGITAL YANGTZE RIVER COURSE

A series of data concerning of river pattern, water channel change, riverbank migration from 1950's, riverbank dykes and dams, and geological and geomorphologic condition of the river were collected and a database of the Yangtze River course was setup by using multi platform and multi temporal remote sensing techniques in the experiment of digital Yangtze River course. An experimental work on water depth in the Nantong section of the Yangtze River mouth was carried out by using multi spectral technique satellite remote sensing. On the basis of the analysis on the mechanism of remote sensing in water depth,quasi synchronous remote sensing spectral data and channel sounding data were calculated,and a digital model of the water depth in the riverbed of the section was set up and the water depth maps were inversed with the model. It is shown that landsat TM data have some efficiency in measuring water depth in such a high sediment discharge riverbed and the depth may reach up to 5m. A comprehensive work for investigating the quantity, quality,stability and utilization of the riverbank was made using geo information tupu technique supported by GIS, and a database of the riverbank of the Yangtze river was also setup.The riverbank was classified into five types: stable bank, strong erosive bank, weak erosive bank ,strong silt bank and weak silt bank according to their stability,and into three types: deep water bank, mediate deep water bank and shallow water bank according to water depth. On the basis of the analysis of the temporal spatial evolution of the river,the stability of the riverbank and the state of riverbank use, suggestions for flood control and rational utilization of the riverbank resources of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province were provided.