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灭菌和非灭菌土壤中高氯酸盐污染对水稻幼苗的影响
引用本文:陈桂葵,骆世明,黎华寿,贺鸿志,张泽民. 灭菌和非灭菌土壤中高氯酸盐污染对水稻幼苗的影响[J]. 环境科学研究, 2014, 27(11): 1285-1291
作者姓名:陈桂葵  骆世明  黎华寿  贺鸿志  张泽民
作者单位:1.华南农业大学, 农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室, 广东 广州 510642 ;2.华南农业大学, 亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室, 广东 广州 510642
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(30700099);广东省科技计划项目(2010B020301008);广东省自然科学基金项目(S2011010001055)
摘    要:采用温室盆栽试验,研究灭菌与非灭菌土壤条件下2个品种水稻(GN和IR)幼苗对ClO4-(高氯酸盐)污染的响应. 结果表明:无ClO4-污染时,土壤灭菌可促进2个品种水稻的株高、根长和生物量的增长,但有ClO4-污染时,灭菌处理反而显著抑制水稻生长;当施入ρ(ClO4-)为0.1 mg/L时,土壤灭菌降低了水稻对ClO4-的吸收积累,非灭菌组GN和IR分别有69.70%和88.55%的ClO4-迁移到植物体内,而灭菌组则分别有21.55%和13.98%的ClO4-迁移到植物体内;ρ(ClO4-)为50.0 mg/L时,土壤灭菌反而增加了水稻对ClO4-的吸收积累,灭菌组GN和IR叶片中的w(ClO4-)分别是非灭菌组的3.67和5.88倍,但无论土壤是否灭菌,迁移到植物体内的ClO4-所占比例均小于2%;灭菌组93%以上的ClO4-残留在土壤中,而非灭菌组则有98%以上的ClO4-转化成为其他物质. 土壤灭菌、ρ(ClO4-)为50 mg/L处理能够显著降低土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性. 

关 键 词:水稻(GN和IR)   高氯酸盐(ClO4-)   土壤灭菌   植物吸收
收稿时间:2013-12-01
修稿时间:2014-07-30

Rice Seedling Responses to Perchlorate in Sterilized or Non-Sterilized Soil
CHEN Gui-kui,LUO Shi-ming,LI Hua-shou,HE Hong-zhi and ZHANG Ze-min. Rice Seedling Responses to Perchlorate in Sterilized or Non-Sterilized Soil[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2014, 27(11): 1285-1291
Authors:CHEN Gui-kui  LUO Shi-ming  LI Hua-shou  HE Hong-zhi  ZHANG Ze-min
Affiliation:1.Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China ;2.State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Abstract:Perchlorate contamination is a serious problem because of its potential toxicity and health effects, adverse impacts on ecosystems, and possible indirect exposure pathways to humans. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the perchlorate uptake by crops and speed up perchlorate degradation in the agro-ecosystem. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of perchlorate on growth and chlorophyll content of two rice variety seedlings in sterilized and non-sterilized soils, and its accumulation in the rice plant. The distribution, migration and transformation of perchlorate in the soil-rice system were also investigated. The results showed that soil sterilization resulted in the promotion of rice plant height, root length, biomass and chlorophyll content when treated without perchlorate, whereas soil sterilization inhibited the growth of the two rice varieties significantly when treated with perchlorate. At the end of the pot experiment, perchlorate concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of two rice varieties planted in the sterilized soil were significantly less than those in the non-sterilized soil at low perchlorate concentration (0.1 mg/L). In non-sterilized soil, 69.70% and 88.55% of perchlorate were absorbed by the two rice varieties respectively, while in sterilized soil the levels were 21.55% and 13.98%. However, perchlorate concentrations in each organ of the two rice varieties in sterilized soil were significantly higher than those in non-sterilized soil with high perchlorate level (50.0 mg/L). The content of perchlorate in the two varieties of rice leaves in sterilized soil were 3.67 and 5.88 times as those in non-sterilized soil. This indicated that soil sterilization could slow down the accumulation of perchlorate in rice plants at low perchlorate levels, whereas it could speed up the accumulation of perchlorate in rice at high levels. The higher the treatment concentration of perchlorate, the higher the amount of perchlorate accumulation in the plant. Perchlorate amounts accumulated in the leaves were much higher than that in roots and stems. Microorganisms in soil greatly influenced the absorption of perchlorate by the two rice varieties tested. Compare with the initial concentration, the decrease of perchlorate content in non-sterilized soil was more than that in the sterilized soil. This indicated that perchlorate is not expected to remain in non-sterilized soil at significant concentrations. Both soil sterilization and high perchlorate treatment significantly reduced activities of soil urease and catalase. Thus, microorganisms play important roles in the bioremediation of perchlorate.
Keywords:rice   perchlorate   soil sterilization   plant uptake
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