基于2种采样方法的北京市夏季道路扬尘的监测及积尘负荷分布特征

为探究不同采样方法对积尘负荷结果的影响，使用样方采样法和以克论净车采样法采集2018年夏季样品的数据，对北京市3个行政区的11条道路扬尘样品进行现场监测，计算不同道路类型及不同车道的积尘负荷，并对积尘负荷的变化规律进行分析。结果表明：基于样方采样法和以克论净车采样法的北京市夏季不同道路类型积尘负荷从大到小顺序依次为次干道(0.46 g·m^?2、0.99 g·m^?2) >支路(0.31 g·m^?2、0.88 g·m^?2)>主干道(0.24 g·m^?2、0.78 g·m^?2)；2种采样方法所得积尘负荷差异的检验结果具有显著性(P=0.00<0.05)且存在线性关系；北京市夏季道路积尘负荷(0.34 g·m^?2)稍高于天津市(0.24 g·m^?2)，低于石家庄市(1.06 g·m^?2)、乌鲁木齐市(0.96 g·m^?2)和西安市(0.70 g·m^?2)；基于样方采样法和以克论净车采样法采集的不同城区道路积尘负荷水平排序为大兴区(0.39 g·m^?2、1.83 g·m^?2)>朝阳区(0.38 g·m^?2、1.00 g·m^?2)>东城区(0.26 g·m^?2、0.92 g·m^?2)，朝阳区、东城区和大兴区积尘负荷差异的检验结果均不具有显著性(P>0.05)；基于样方采样法的机动车慢车道与机动车快车道积尘负荷分别为0.04~1.30 g·m^?2和0.02~1.08 g·m^?2；慢车道积尘负荷略高于快车道，但二者差异的检验结果不具有显著性(P=0.51>0. 05)。本研究成果可为遴选道路扬尘采样方法、构建北京市道路扬尘排放清单和制定管控措施提供参考。

Monitoring and distribution characteristics of dust load on roads in Beijing during summer based on two sampling methods

In order to explore the effect of different sampling methods on the results of road dust load(RDL), the data of the samples in the summer of 2018 were collected by the quadrat method and quantitative net car sampling method. On-site monitoring was carried out on 11 road dust samples in 3 administrative districts of Beijing. The RDLs of different road types and lanes were calculated, and then their variations were analyzed. The results showed that the descending order of RDLs in different road types of Beijing during summer was main lines (0.46 g·m?2, 0.99 g·m?2) > branch roads (0.31 g·m?2, 0.88 g·m?2)> main road (0.24 g·m?2, 0.78 g·m?2) based on the quadrat method and quantitative net car sampling method. A significant difference in RDLs between two sampling methods occurred (P=0.00<0.05), and a linear relationship also appeared. The summer RDLs in Beijing (0.34 g·m?2) was slightly higher than that in Tianjin (0.24 g·m?2), but lower than that in Shijiazhuang (1.06 g·m?2), Urumqi (0.96 g·m?2) and Xi'an (0.70 g·m?2); the collected RDL level in different urban areas based on the quadrat method and quantitative net car sampling method was ranked as Daxing District (0.39 g·m?2, 1.83 g·m?2) > Chaoyang District (0.38 g·m?2, 1.00 g·m?2) > Dongcheng District (0.26 g·m?2, 0.92 g·m?2), and insignificant difference in RDLs among Chaoyang District, Dongcheng District and Daxing District occurred(P>0.05). Based on the quadrat method, the RDLs in slow lane and fast lane for motor vehicles were 0.04~1.30 g·m?2 and 0.02~1.08 g·m?2, respectively. The overall RDL level in slow lanes was slightly higher than that in the fast lanes, but their difference was not significant(P=0.51>0.05). The results of this study provide a reference for the selection of road dust sampling methods, the construction of the Beijing road dust emission inventory, and the formulation of control measures.