砷污染农田的植物提取修复技术研究进展

由于粗放的矿物采冶方式，矿区大量的砷扩散到周边农田中，会导致农田土壤砷污染问题。部分地区的砷背景值高，部分地区在农业生产活动中使用含砷化肥、农药等，均会加剧农田砷污染问题。植物提取修复是一种利用超富集植物将土壤污染物吸收并转移到植物地上部，待植物成熟收割以整体移除污染物的方法。与其他砷污染农田土壤的修复技术相比，植物提取修复技术具有无二次污染的特点。该技术辅以合理的农艺措施，可使土壤砷污染减量，并实现边生产边修复的目标，应用潜力广泛。分析了砷污染土壤植物提取修复技术的原理与现状；重点探讨了近年来强化砷植物提取修复的方法，包括修复植物的种质创新、超富集植物与根际微生物联合作用和农艺措施优化等几个方面；最后展望了农田土壤砷污染修复技术的未来研究方向，以期为该技术的进一步发展提供参考。

Research progress on phytoextraction technology of arsenic contaminated soil in farmland

Arsenic mineral resources are rich in China. Due to the extensive mining patterns and backward techniques, large amount of arsenic in the mining area had been released to the surrounding farmland. Meanwhile, areas with high arsenic geological background values and the addition of arsenic-containing materials in agricultural activities led to severe and widely arsenic pollution in agricultural soils in China. Phytoextraction uses hyperaccumulator to remove contaminants from soils. Compared with other remediation technologies, phytoextraction can reduce soil arsenic pollution with no secondary pollution, which can also achieve simultaneous agricultural production and soil remediation through reasonable farming practices, showing great potential for wide application. In this review, the principle and techniques of phytoextraction in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils are summarized. The application of phytoremediation through the plant generational innovation, the combined remediation measures with rhizosphere microorganisms, and the improvement of agronomic measures are discussed. Moreover, this review makes a prospective for the future research on soil remediation of arsenic-contaminated farmland.