我国南部地区城市水生态环境问题解析及综合整治对策：以深圳市为例

从水环境质量、水资源和水生态 (“三水”) 的角度对我国南部地区城市水生态环境进行了现状调研与问题解析，结果表明：该区域内城市普遍存在管网建设滞后的问题，近五成的城市排水管网密度低于全国平均水平；40%的城市污水处理厂运行负荷落后于全国平均水平；工业污染源以电子、汽车制造、化工和有色金属等重污染行业为主；区域内城市季节性面源污染严重；四分之一的城市属于重度缺水，水量型与水质型缺水并存以及水生态功能脆弱等。结合国家和城市相关规划要求，以深圳市为例构建水环境目标，并采用系统动力学模型对其水环境进行了模拟预测，分析了不同方案策略下目标的可达性。以此得出具体的分阶段治理措施：近期阶段 (到2025年) 重点进行控源减排、加大管网建设力度、污水处理厂提质增效、重污染企业产业升级和清洁生产、加强海绵城市的建设、构建节水型城市，并进行水生态的治理；中期阶段 (到2030年) 在控源减排的基础上重点进行水资源合理利用、建成完整的节水型城市体系、修复水生态系统；远期阶段 (到2035年) 重点进行水生态恢复，通过增加生物多样性等措施提高城市水生态系统功能。本研究可为南部地区同类城市解决水生态环境问题提供参考。

Analysis of urban water ecological environment problems and comprehensive improvement measures in southern China: With Shenzhen as an example

From the perspective of water environmental quality, water resources and water ecology (" three water "), the current situation of urban water ecological environment in the southern region of China was investigated and analyzed. The results showed thatthe lag of pipe network construction was common in cities in the region, and the density of drainage pipe network in nearly 50% of cities was lower than the national average level. The operating load of 40% of municipal wastewater treatment plants lags behind the national average level. The industrial pollution sources were mainly heavy polluting industries such as electronics, automobile manufacturing, chemical industry and non-ferrous metals. Urban seasonal non-point source pollution was serious in the region. One fourth of the cities were suffering from severe water shortage, water shortage coexists with water shortage and water ecological function was fragile. Based on the relevant national and urban planning requirements, in this paper Shenzhen was taken as an example to establish the effluent environment target, the system dynamics model was used to simulate and predict its water environment, and the accessibility of the target was analyzed under different schemes and strategies. Some government measures in specific phase were proposed in the paper, in the near future (to 2025), it was suggested to focus on source control and emission reduction, increasing the construction of pipe network, improving the quality and efficiency of sewage treatment plants, upgrading the industry of heavily polluting enterprises and clean production, strengthening the construction of sponge cities, building water-saving cities, and carrying out water ecological governance. In the mid-term stage (to 2030), on the basis of source control and emission reduction, it was suggested to focus on rational use of water resources, building a complete water-saving urban system, and repairing the water ecosystem. In the long-term stage (to 2035), it was suggested to focus on water ecological restoration and improvement of the function of urban water ecosystems through measures such as increasing biodiversity. This study can provide reference for similar cities in southern China to solve the water ecological environment problems.