几种典型有害藻对皱纹盘鲍急性毒性及其抗氧化酶活性的影响

为更好地了解有害藻华对鲍的影响及其原因，本文选择米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）、链状亚历山大藻（Alexandrium catenella）、东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）和抑食金球藻（Aureococcus anophageffferens）4种典型有害藻，开展对皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai）的急性毒性及其成体抗氧化酶活性研究。研究发现，米氏凯伦藻和链状亚历山大藻均可致皱纹盘鲍幼虫、幼鲍和成体死亡。在米氏凯伦藻藻华现场密度下（5000/mL），皱纹盘鲍幼虫的致死效应最显著，96 h时的存活率为4.7%。暴露在4000/mL藻密度链状亚历山大藻中，96 h时幼虫存活率为25.5%，暴露在10000/mL藻密度链状亚历山大藻中，48 h时幼鲍和成体存活率降至3.3%和6.7%。东海原甲藻和抑食金球藻对幼鲍和成鲍没有急性毒性影响，但能够降低皱纹盘鲍幼虫的存活率。米氏凯伦藻和链状亚历山大藻能够抑制皱纹盘鲍鳃的SOD酶活性和CAT酶活性、肝胰组织的SOD酶活性和GSH-Px酶活性，对皱纹盘鲍免疫系统造成损伤，而东海原甲藻和抑食金球藻对鲍体内的3种抗氧化酶活性的影响不明显。以上结果表明，米氏凯伦藻和链状亚历山大藻藻华能对鲍养殖产业造成严重威胁，东海原甲藻和抑食金球藻藻华可对鲍的资源补充存在不利影响。

Acute effect of four typical bloom forming algae on abalone Haliotis discus hannai and its antioxidant enzymes system

In order to explore the effects and mechanisms of harmful algae blooms on abalone, we investigated the acute toxicity of four different harmful algae (Karenia mikimotoi, Alexandrium catenella, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Aureococcus anophageffferens) on the survival of Haliotis discus hannai Ino and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.The results suggested that K.mikimotoi and A.catenella could lead the larvae, juveniles and adults of H.discus hannai Ino to death.The survival rates of larvae reduced to 4.7% in 96 h when exposed to K.mikimotoi culture with algal density of 5000/mL.The survival of larvae rates were 25.5% in 96 h when exposed to A.catenella culture at the cell amounts of 4000/mL, and the survival rates of juveniles and adults reduced to 3.3% and 6.7% in 48 h larvae at the cell amounts of 10000/mL.P.donghaiense and A.anophageffferens could lower the survival rates of larvae, but had no significant effect on that of juveniles and adults.Meanwhile, K.mikimotoi and A.catenella inhibited SOD and CAT activities in the gills, and SOD and GSH-Px activities in the hepatopancreas of abalone, which suggested that these two algae would damage the immune system of abalone.However, P.donghaiense and A.anophageffferens had no influence on the three antioxidant enzymes of abalone.Therein, this study revealed that K.mikimotoi and A.catenella blooms may be serious threats to abalone aquacultures, and P.donghaiense and A.anophageffferens may have potential negative impacts on the resources complement of abalone stacks.