面向海洋调查与风险评估的冰情数据应用需求分析

本文对冰情监测数据在海冰条件调查、海冰监测、风险评估与预警中的工作需求进行了论述，并从标准规范、技术要求等角度对具体海冰监测要素的内容进行了汇总。面向海洋调查的传统海冰监测主要目的是获取冰情及环境要素数据，开展不同时空尺度的冰情演变规律分析及预测，为用海规划和工程海冰条件确定提供依据。通过2部海洋调查国家标准，以及涉及风电、港口、核电、船舶、石油、桥梁等涉及6个行业6类工程的9部国内外典型标准对比分析，归纳了海冰调查对于冰情监测的要素性需求。对于近年逐渐兴起的海冰风险评估和监测预警的新需求，结合行业内的试行规范和海冰灾害机理，分别分析了区域综合体和产业经济体两类目标的冰情监测需求。面向冰情监测的不同需求可为海冰监测体系发展提供新的需求。

Application requirement of sea ice condition data for marine investigation and risk assessment

The requirements for sea ice monitoring data during environment investigation, risk assessment and early warning are discussed, and sea ice factors were summarized based on standards and technical requirements. Conventional ocean investigation mainly contained sea ice factors of large scale, for the purposed of analysis, prediction and design of sea ice condition. Two national standards and nine occupation standards were analyzed to list requirement for sea ice condition factors, which covered wind power, nuclear power, ports, ships, oil exploitation and bridges. Current demand for sea ice risk assessment and early warning were proposed based on the trial standards and risk mechanism. The new demands of sea ice monitoring can drive the technological development of sea ice monitoring system.