广东沿岸海域牡蛎和鱼虾中石油烃的残留与风险评估

为探讨石油污染对广东沿岸海域水产品食用安全的影响，探索建立了石油残留风险分级方法，用荧光法测定了2001~2010年广东沿岸海域近江牡蛎（Crassostrea rivularis）体石油烃，推测了同期该海域鱼虾石油烃残留水平。结果表明，牡蛎体石油烃含量（按湿重计）为 < 0.2×10-6~36×10-6，不会产生石油气味。平均含量9.4×10-6在国内沿岸海域牡蛎体中属较低水平，但高于本海域1989~1992年6.7×10-6的平均含量。石油烃在99.3%的牡蛎样本中检出，在16.7%的样本中达到或略超过我国15×10-6的限量值。牡蛎体石油烃年均含量、超标率在2001~2006年均呈下降趋势，但2007年之后略有上升，在珠江口和珠三角产业转移区牡蛎中上升更明显。推测该海域鱼虾石油烃含量大多低于15×10-6，较高者一般不超过30×10-6，超标或产生石油气味的风险极小。

Recidual and risk assessment of petroleum hydrocarbons in the oyster,fish and shrimp along Guangdong coast

In order to explore the effect of oil pollution on the food security of aquatic products in Guangdong coastal waters, a risk grade method of petroleum residue was first proposed, petroleum hydrocarbons(PH) in the oysters (Crassostrea rivularis) collected during 2001~2010 were determined by spectrofluorometry, and the PH level in fish and shrimp was speculated.The results indicated that PH contents in our oyster samples ranged from < 0.2×10-6 to 36×10-6(wet weight), and might not make oil taste.The mean content of PH was 9.4×10-6 which was relatively lower in the oysters from coastal waters in China, but higher than the historical data (6.7×10-6)during 1989~1992.PH were detectable in 99.3 percents of our samples.16.7 percents of our samples contained more PH than the limit value (15×10-6, Chinese standard).The annual PH average and the over standard rate in our samples trended to decline during 2001~2006, but slightly rebounded after 2007, especially in the samples from the Pearl River Estuary and from industry-translation areas.Based on the data of this survey and other literature, wededuced that the PH contents in fish and shrimp in Guangdong coastal waters were probably lower than 15×10-6, seldom higher than 30×10-6, and also might be lower than above limit or oil taste threshold.