国际海洋保护区管理经验及其对我国的启示

建立海洋保护区是保护海洋生物多样性，实现海洋可持续发展的重要措施。本文通过美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、菲律宾，以及欧洲-大西洋公海海洋保护区的案例分析，概括了国外海洋保护区在体系完善、管理实践和协作维护等方面的经验。合格的海洋保护区管理机构需要有效的指导、监督及管理，应具备专业性、执行力和稳定性。对我国的启示:在国家层面上，需要一个经过充分研究制定的海洋保护区系统规划，对国家级海洋保护区应立法确立。沿海省份要配合国家系统落实本省辖区的国家级海洋保护区，也可以建立省级海洋保护区，并就特殊保护目标申请上升为国家级保护区。具体的海洋保护区应做好保护区管理规划和日常管理工作。地方社区可通过文化遗产保护、地域风俗传承等方式，培养地方性人才直接参与保护区管理。

International experience of marine protected area management and its implications for China

The establishment of marine protected areas is an important measure for the protection of marine biodiversity and the marine sustainable development.This paper refined the international experiences by choosing the typical marine protected areas and systems as the cases, including National System of Marine Protected Areas of the United States, National Marine Conservation Area System of Canada, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, Apo Island Marine Protected area in Philippines, and Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic Network of Marine Protected Areas.A qualified marine protected area need effective guidance, supervision and management, with the characteristics of profession, execution and stability.In order to promote marine sustainable development in China, we proposed policy suggestions according to the practical situation.At the national level, a well-planned marine protected area system plan need to be listed the marine and marine life that must be protected, and coordinate the long-time management of the national marine protected areas.The coastal provinces should cooperate with the nation to establish national marine protected areas, as well as provincial marine protected areas.The marine protected areas should protect and manage these areas.The professional staff could also be educated and trained by the local communities to participate the management practice.This paper hopes to provide references for marine protection and sustainable development and utilization in China by analyzing the international experiences of marine protected area.