Bacterial symbionts as an additional cytological marker for identification of sponges without a skeleton |
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Authors: | Andrey E Vishnyakov Alexander V Ereskovsky |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;(2) Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, Station marine d’Endoume, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 6540-DIMAR, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France |
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Abstract: | Symbiotic bacteria from six Oscarella species (adults and embryos) collected in the Mediterranean Sea (O. lobularis, O. tuberculata, O. imperialis, O. microlobata, O. viridis) and the Sea of Japan (O. malakhovi) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In most cases, symbionts are rather
numerous. Each sponge species has a definite set of bacterial morphological types. All bacteria are extracellular. Symbionts
occupy the mesohyl of adult sponges or intercellular space in embryos and are often in contact with mesohylar filaments or
cells. Bacteria of some morphotypes have characteristic blebs. Most symbionts are gram-negative, and two types of bacteria
have traits of Archaea and one type of bacteria is similar to Planctomycetes. Data on morphology of bacterial symbionts can
be a good additional character for identification of Oscarella species, which have no skeleton. |
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