玻纤增强复合材料在厦门地区自然老化及寿命预测研究

目的 研究玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂的自然老化机理，预估该复合材料在厦门地区的使用寿命。方法 研究玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂在厦门近海地区大气暴露、海水飞溅、海水全浸等3种方式下，自然老化3 a的表面形貌变化和力学性能变化规律。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪观察试样的微观结构，解释老化机理。运用线性回归方程对该复合材料的使用寿命进行预测。结果 获得了该复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度等力学性能在老化过程中的变化规律，得到了大气暴露方式下试样的线性回归方程，计算得到弯曲强度下降到75%时的使用寿命。结论 该复合材料在大气暴露方式下的自然老化程度最大，在海水全浸方式下的自然老化程度最小。在老化过程中，主要是复合材料表面的不饱和聚酯树脂老化、脱离。以弯曲强度下降到75%为失效指标，计算得出复合材料的寿命为93.3个月。

Natural Aging and Life Prediction of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Material in Xiamen

The work aims to study the natural aging mechanism of the glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin, and predict the service life of the composite in Xiamen. The change rules of surface and mechanical properties of the glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin after natural aging for 3 years under 3 modes of atmospheric corrosion, seawater splashing and seawater immersion in Xiamen coastal area were studied. The microstructures of the samples under different aging modes were observed by scanning microscope and infrared spectrometer to explain the aging mechanism of composite material. The service life of the composite material was predicted by the liner regression equation method. The change rules of tensile strength and bending strength of the composite material during aging were obtained. The liner regression equation of samples under atmospheric corrosion was determined and the service life when the bending strength dropped to the failure index of 75% was calculated.The natural aging degree of the composite material is the greatest under atmospheric corrosion, while the degree is minimal under seawater immersion. During the aging process, the unsaturated polyester resin of the surface is aged and separated. The life of the composite material when the bending strength drops to the failure index of 75% is 93.3 months.