北京市污水处理厂出水中药物和个人护理品的季节变化及其生态风险评价

由于污水处理厂出水中含有微量有机污染物，这些污染物能够通过污水处理厂出水进入到水环境中，对生态系统和人体健康存在潜在的威胁.为探明污水处理厂出水中药物和个人护理品（Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products，PPCPs）在不同季节中的浓度分布及生态风险情况，本研究于2019年的春季、夏季和秋季分别对北京市5座污水处理厂出水中PPCPs的赋存情况和浓度变化进行了调查分析，并对其进行了生态风险评价.结果表明：5座污水处理厂出水中PPCPs检出率为100%的化合物包括磺胺甲恶唑、克拉霉素、卡马西平、避蚊胺、美托洛尔、咖啡因、氧氟沙星和双氯芬酸；PPCPs在不同季节中表现出一定的浓度分布差异，其中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、克拉霉素、吉非罗齐、苯扎贝特、氯贝酸、美托洛尔、普萘洛尔、卡马西平、甲氧苄啶、避蚊胺在春季出水中的浓度明显高于其在夏季和秋季出水中浓度，而双氯芬酸、甲芬那酸、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和咖啡因则在夏季出水中浓度要略高于其在春季和秋季出水中的浓度；通过对PPCPs的生态风险评价发现，避蚊胺在一个春季样品中为中风险污染物，在其他样品中均为低风险污染物，磺胺甲恶唑和美托洛尔的最大RQ值分别为0.09和0.08，接近中风险，其他PPCPs均为低风险污染物.

Seasonal changes and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants in Beijing

Due to the trace amount of organic pollutants in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants, the pollutants can enter the aquatic environment through the effluents. And as a result, posing a potential threat to the ecosystem and human health. In order to explore the concentration distributions and ecological risks of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants in different seasons, we monitored the concentration of PPCPs in the effluents from 5 wastewater treatment plants in Beijing in spring, summer and autumn in 2019, and assessed the ecological risks. The results showed that sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, carbamazepine, DEET, metoprolol, caffeine, ofloxacin and diclofenac were all detected. PPCPs showed a certain concentration difference in different seasons. The concentrations of sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, clofibric acid, metoprolol, propranolol, carbamazepine, trimethoprim and DEET in spring were significantly higher than those in summer and autumn, while the concentrations of diclofenac, mefenamic acid, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and caffeine in summer were slightly higher than those in spring and autumn. According to the ecological risk assessment of the PPCPs, DEET was a medium-risk pollutant in one spring sample and was low-risk pollutant in the other samples. The sulfamethoxazole and metoprolol were close to the medium-risk with the maximum RQ values of 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. The other PPCPs were all low-risk pollutants.