中国初级农产品生产的环境污染威胁及应对性科研投入现状分析

食品安全和环境污染已经成为中国当下最受关注的两大民生问题.通过文献梳理可知,重金属等环境污染物是威胁初级农产品安全的主要原因之一.中国环境统计资料已经证实,21世纪以来作为初级农产品安全生产源头威胁因素的环境污染形势仍严峻,同期,中国初级农产品产量总体上呈逐年上升趋势,但粮食、水产品、猪牛羊肉等初级农产品产地相对集中.分析2012年统计数据可知,占全国粮食比重37％的稻谷,其主产区湘、赣诸省同时也是重金属镉、铅污染严重的省份;而在深圳、盐城所开展的水产品受环境污染影响的区域个案研究也足以引起我们关于中国水产品安全生产正受环境污染威胁的担忧.本可寄希望于各级公共财政能投入资金并引导科研资源优先配置于威胁初级农产品安全生产的环境污染治理的科研领域,以图解决上述问题.但环保部门和农业部门科研资源的投入缺乏对食品安全与环境污染问题的统筹考量,甚至连综合性的国家自然科学基金也未能打破学科和行业壁垒,这势必影响有效的解决食品安全的源头问题.

On Threats to Primary Agricultural Products in China due to Environmental Pollution and Investment in Scientific Research towards Their Mitigation

Food safety and environmental pollution are two major issues affecting livelihoods in China. Existing documents and literature demonstrate that heavy metals and other environmental pollutants constitute a major threat to the safety of the primary agricultural products, a threat that, as illustrated in Chinese official environmental statistics, has grown more serious since the turn of the century. At the same time, the output of primary agricultural products in China has increased annually, and the production areas for grain, aquaculture, meat products have grown more and more concentrated. For instance, agricultural areas in Hunan and Jiangxi （ among other provinces）, which account for some 37. 32% of total grain output in China, are among the most heavily contaminated by pollutants such as lead and cadmium. Case studies on pollution of aquatic products in cities like Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, and Yancheng in Jiangsu province also raise significant concern. In response, we recommend that key institutions, including the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Natural Science Foundation, invest more public finance and allocate more scientific research resources toward the governance of environmental pollution in relation to the safety of primary agricultural products. This study is divided into two published papers to readers in this issue.