SDS与取代芳烃多元混合体系联合毒性作用研究

测定了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和3种取代芳烃苯酚、硝基苯、甲苯对发光菌的单一毒性,以及等浓度配比下SDS与3种取代芳烃二元、三元及四元混合体系的联合毒性效应,并基于常见的4种联合作用评价方法,对混合体系的联合毒性作用进行了评价研究.结果表明,4种不同的评价方法对SDS与苯酚、甲苯和硝基苯的联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,即在以SDS为底物的混合体系中,除SDS与硝基苯联合毒性表现为弱拮抗作用外,其它的二元、三元及四元混合体系的毒性均表现为不同程度的协同作用,且甲苯的协同程度最强.在选择的联合研究体系中,以毒性单位法获得参数的数值较大,判定灵敏度较高.根据发光菌发光原理、SDS的分子结构特征和芳烃类化合物取代基的不同,可对联合毒性作用的机理进行初步探讨.

Joint Toxicity on Multi-Component Mixtures of SDS and Substituted Aromatic Compounds

The toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum of different mixture systems of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and three substituted aromatic compounds according to equiconcentration ratio of 1 : 1, as well as individual toxicity, were determined respectively. The joint toxicity was evaluated by toxicity unit (TU), additive index (AI), similarity parameter (lambda), and mixtures toxicity index (MTI). Four evaluating methods were compared and the modes of joint action of different systems were analyzed primarily. The coherent results were obtained from four different evaluating methods. Conclusions can be drawn that the binary joint effects of phenol and toluene mixed with SDS showed weak synergistic, while the other joint effects of SDS and substituted aromatic compounds were antagonistic. Of the evaluating methods, Toxic Unit is most sensitive with higher value of its parameter. Mechanisms of joint toxicity action could be discussed according to luminescence principle of Photobacterium phosphoreum and molecule structures of the mixture components.