Risk assessment of the use of PAS100 green composts in sheep and cattle production in Scotland |
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Authors: | Hough Rupert L Booth Philippa Avery Lisa M Rhind Stewart Crews Colin Bacon Jeffrey Campbell Colin D Tompkins David |
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Institution: | a The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK b Food and Environment Research Agency, York YO41 1LZ, UK c Waste and Resources Action Programme, The Old Academy, 21 Horse Fair, Banbury OX16 0AH, UK |
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Abstract: | A generalized quantitative risk assessment for the use of source-segregated green waste (SSGW) compost use in livestock production is presented. This assessment focussed on potential risks associated with a specific product, PAS100 compost that meets the UK publicly available specification 100 and represents the majority of compost available for use in extensive Scottish livestock systems. A hazard screening approach was used to identify all potentially hazardous agents present in compost. A total of 497 potentially hazardous agents were screened, with 147 finally put forward for quantitative risk assessment. Scenarios modelled in the assessment included surface application of compost to grazing land and also incorporation into soil and subsequent uptake by fodder crops. Risk estimates were compared to those associated with six comparator materials, including various sludges, slurries and farm yard manures. Overall, five potentially hazardous agents (PCB28, PCB138, PCB153, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, Clopyralid) returned a hazard quotient >1 but within margins of uncertainty, indicating that further investigation may be required. Within the limitations of available information, SSGW compost was found to pose less risk to grazing livestock, or the environment, than other commonly-used soil amendments. While this assessment relates to a specific product/standard used in the UK, the methodology could easily be applied to other composts/products/situations. Therefore these results have wider applicability. |
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Keywords: | PAHs PCBs Dioxins Organic pollutants Heavy metals Toxic alkaloids |
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