散煤采暖清洁化替代方式的生命周期清单分析

从生命周期的角度出发，以1m²房屋每日的供热量为基准，对散煤采暖，电锅炉，低温空气源热泵，燃气壁挂炉，热电联产集中供热，燃气锅炉集中供热，洁净型煤等7种采暖方式的生命周期污染物排放和能源利用效率进行对比分析.结果发现：相比散煤取暖，清洁采暖方式可有效地降低大气污染物排放量，尤其是PM₁₀和PM_2.5.其中，以天然气为热源的燃气锅炉集中供热和燃气壁挂炉最为清洁，可减排SO₂和NO_x 85%左右，减排PM₁₀和PM_2.5 99%左右；洁净型煤和电锅炉的减排效率相对较低.低温空气源热泵和热电联产集中供热对能源利用效率最高，可达到80%以上，而电锅炉仅30%左右.此外，改善建筑围护结构保温性能可有效降低农村地区采暖的大气污染物排放.

Life cycle inventory analysis of clean alternatives to scattered coal heating

Comparisons of life cycle pollution emission and energy efficiency among seven heating methods from the perspective of life cycle based on daily heat supply of 1m² housing area were made in this paper. The methods included scattered coal heating, and other clean ones, which were electric boiler heating, low temperature air source heat pump heating, wall-mounted gas boiler heating, cogeneration central heating, gas boiler central heating and clean briquette heating. The results showed that compared with scattered coal heating, clean heating method can efficiently reduce the air emissions, especially significant for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. Among all these methods, gas boiler central heating and wall-mounted gas boiler heating with natural gas are the cleanest, which reduced SO₂ and NO_x by 85%, and reduced PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 by 99%, and clean briquette heating and electric boiler heating perform worst. Highest energy efficiency (over 80%) could be reached by low temperature air source heat pump heating and cogeneration central heating energy efficiency, and lowest energy efficiency (about 30%) is obtained by electric boiler heating. The results also showed that improving thermal insulation of building envelope is an effective way to keep warm and decrease pollution in rural area.