黑龙江省秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单及时空分布

以黑龙江省为例，采用排放因子法计算了2016年秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单，分析了污染物的时空分布特征.结果表明，黑龙江省秸秆露天焚烧各污染物排放量为：CO₂ 1314.09万t、CO 41.92万t、CH₄ 3.77万t、NMVOCs 8.35万t、NH₃ 0.65万t、BC 0.44万t、OC 3.13万t、SO₂ 0.50万t、NO_X 3.28万t、PM₁₀ 8.81万t、PM_2.5 10.14万t.在95%的置信区间确定了排放清单的不确定性，不确定性范围为NO_X的±86%的低值到CO的±187%的高值.通过可靠性分析推断，本文的排放清单是合理的.玉米和水稻秸秆露天焚烧对同种大气污染物的贡献高于其他作物秸秆.大气污染物排放高值区位于黑龙江省西部和东部，污染物排放的时段在全年范围内具有明显的双峰特征.秸秆露天焚烧率的下降能有效促进大气污染物的减排，且农垦地区集约化和规模化的管理模式能有效控制秸秆露天焚烧.

Emission inventory and the temporal and spatial distribution of pollutant for open field straw burning in Heilongjiang province

An emission inventory of open field straw burning was established on the method of emission factors over the Heilongjiang Province for the year of 2016 in this paper. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of emission pollutants were also comprehensive analyzed in this study. Our results showed that the total emissions of CO₂, CO, CH₄, NMVOCs, NH₃, BC, OC, SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were 1.314×10⁷, 4.192×10⁵, 3.77×10⁴, 8.35×10⁴, 6.5×10³, 4.4×10³, 3.13×10⁴, 5.0×10³, 3.28×10⁴, 8.81×10⁴ and 1.014×10⁵t, respectively. Further uncertainty analysis for 95% confidence intervals revealed that the uncertainties ranged from a low value of ±86% for NO_x to a high value of ±187% for CO. The reliability analysis also demonstrated that the compiled emission inventory is reasonable. The spatial distribution of higher values for emission pollutants was located in the western and eastern regions of Heilongjiang Province. Temporally, two obviously emission peaks for emitted pollutants from straw burning were presented throughout the year. The decline of open field straw burning would effectively promote the reduction of regional total emission of atmospheric pollutants, and the mode of intensive farming and large-scale management over the reclamation area in Heilongjiang Province can effectively control the regional open field straw burning.