废旧电器电子产品越境转移国际管理制度比较

废弃电器电子产品的非法越境转移已成为国际社会关注的重要环境问题之一，与之相伴而生的废弃电器电子产品与旧电器电子产品的鉴别问题也成为国际环境公约的热点议题.在此背景下，针对废旧电器电子产品越境转移的管理制度和鉴别标准，对相关国际公约以及美国、日本和欧盟等典型出口方与泰国、马来西亚和中国等典型进口方进行了比较分析.结果表明，发达国家和发展中国家关于废旧电器电子产品越境转移的政策存在对立性，尽管《巴塞尔公约》在努力减少这种对立性，以保护发展中国家环境利益，但电子废物非法越境转移的风险仍然存在.结合中国废旧电器电子产品进口管理现状，提出了完善中国现有管理体系的政策建议.

International management system on transboundary movement of waste and used electrical and electronic equipment: A comparative study

Illegal transboundary movement of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become one of the important environmental issues worldwide. How to identify the WEEE from used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE) has subsequently been considered as a hot topic of international environmental convention. In this context, a comparative study was conducted to understand the transboundary movement management of WEEE and UEEE, and their identification standards under the international convention. The typical exporting countries/regions (such as America, Japan and the EU) and typical importing countries (such as Thailand, Malaysia and China) were selected as the case studies. The results showed that the policies of the developed and developing countries on the transboundary movement of WEEE and UEEE are antagonistic. Although the Basel Convention is trying to reduce this antagonism in order to protect the environmental interests of developing countries, the risk of the illegal transboundary movement of e-waste still exists. On the basis of WEEE and UEEE import management status in China and the results obtained in this study, some effective policy suggestions were put forward for improving the existing management system in China.