近地层O3污染对作物产量与经济损失的影响——以江苏省冬小麦和水稻为例

利用2015年冬小麦和水稻主要生长季期间江苏省各城市逐时O₃浓度观测资料，分析了O₃浓度和AOT40的变化特征，评估了O₃对冬小麦和水稻产量的影响，并估算了其造成的经济损失.结果表明：①冬小麦和水稻主要生长季期间，江苏省平均O₃浓度分别为80.1μg/m³和83.8μg/m³，呈单峰型的日变化规律.空间上，O₃呈现南低北高，东部沿海地区高于西部内陆地区的特征.②冬小麦主要生长季期间，江苏省各市AOT40指数范围为3.08~14.47μL/L·h.水稻主要生长季期间，江苏省各市AOT40指数范围为10.79~21.67μL/L·h.③在当前O₃浓度水平下，近地层O₃对江苏省冬小麦和水稻平均相对产量的损失率分别为23.9%和16.5%，产量总损失分别为368.7万t和385.8万t，经济总损失分别为87.01亿元和106.48亿元.因此，急需采取有效控制措施，降低O₃污染造成的农业损失.

Impact of yield and economic losses of crops due to exposure to ozone pollution: a case study of winter wheat and rice in Jiangsu Province

In this study,we used the hourly ozone concentration data in Jiangsu Province in 2015 to analyze the variations of ground-level ozone and AOT 40(accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40) during the winter wheat and rice growing seasons.Yield and economic losses of rice and winter wheat caused by O₃ pollution were estimated by utilizing O₃ exposure-response models.The results showed that:(1) The mean of ozone concentrations during the winter wheat and rice growing seasons were 80.1μg/m³ and 83.8μg/m³,respectively,and showed unimodal diurnal variations.Spatially,ozone concentration was higher in the northern Jiangsu and lower in the southern Jiangsu,and was lower in western Jiangsu,higher in eastern coastal areas.(2) The ozone AOT40 values during the winter wheat and rice growing seasons were 3.08~14.47μL/L·h and 10.79~21.67μL/L·h,respectively.(3) At the current ozone level,relative yield losses of winter wheat and rice were 23.9% and 16.5%,respectively.Crop production losses amounted to 3.687×10⁶t for winter wheat and 3.858×10⁶t for rice.The total economic cost losses in Jiangsu Province amounted to 87.01billion yuan for winter wheat and 106.48billion yuan for rice.Therefore,we need to take effective control measures to reduce agricultural losses under ozone pollution.