深圳湾流域TN和TP入海年通量变化规律研究

采用经验排污系数法、输出系数模型以及平均浓度法,分别研究1986~2011年间深圳湾流域内深圳和香港两个区域的总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)入海污染负荷年通量的变化规律.结果表明,整个深圳湾流域在80年代、90年代和2000年之后的3个时期内TN入海负荷量平均值分别为10 388.2、10 727.9和10 937.3 t,TP为2 694.5、1 929.2和1 388.7 t.其中深圳一侧随着社会经济和城市化的快速发展,TN和TP年负荷通量大幅增长,26年来点源污染分别增加了4373.6 t和195.9 t,相应增长了261.0%和64.2%,非点源污染增加了1067.2 t和151.0 t,相应增长了63.4%和84.9%,建设和交通用地的扩张是非点源污染负荷增长的主要因素;深圳一侧对深圳湾流域入海污染负荷的贡献率分别从42.4%和27.0%增加到85.1%和75.2%;而香港一侧TN和TP年负荷通量分别减少了3028.5 t和1031.5 t,相应削减了66.3%和79.0%.

Variations of Annual Load of TN and TP in the Deep Bay Watershed, Shenzhen

The empirical coefficient of sewage disposal, export coefficient model and mean concentration method were respectively used to estimate variations of annual load TN and TP from Shenzhen and Hong Kong areas in the Deep Bay Watershed from 1986 to 2011. The results showed that, the annual average loads of TN and TP were 10388.2 t, 10727.9 t, 10937.3 t, and 2694.5 t, 1929.2 t, 1388.7 t, respectively in the whole watershed during three periods, 80s, 90s and years after 2000. With the rapid development of society, economy and the urbanization, annual pollution loading of TN and TP in Shenzhen area showed an obviously increase, 4373.6 t and 195.9 t, by 261.0% and 64.2% for point source, and 1067.2 t and 151.0 t, by 63.4% and 84.9% for non-point source, respectively. Non-point source with high pollution load was mainly caused by the expanding of land for construction and roads. The contribution ratios of TN and TP from Shenzhen area increased from 42.4% and 27.0% to 85.1% and 75.2%. Annual loads of TN and TP in Hong Kong area decreased 3028.5 t and 1031.5 t, by 66.3% and 79.0% reduced.