太原市采暖季PM2.5中元素特征及重金属健康风险评价

通过采集太原市采暖季环境空气PM2.5样品,经等离子体发射光谱仪对19种元素进行测定,运用富集因子和主因子法揭示其来源,并对重金属的潜在生态风险、人体暴露和健康风险进行评价.结果表明,元素Si、Ca、Al、Na、Mg、K、Fe为PM2.5的主要元素;土壤风沙尘、煤烟尘、机动车车尾气、工业粉尘和建筑尘是元素的主要排放源,贡献率分别为43.46%、15.69%、13.41%、9.89%和9.03%.重金属潜在生态风险指数为1 953.82,具有极强的潜在生态危害程度;环境空气重金属暴露途径以手口摄食暴露为主,呼吸吸入暴露最小,皮肤接触暴露居中,儿童重金属暴露风险高于成人;PM2.5中重金属存在非致癌风险,不具有致癌风险,儿童非致癌风险值为2.94,是成人的1.39倍.

Characteristic of Elements in PM2.5 and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals During Heating Season in Taiyuan

The fine particulate matter(PM_2.5) sampled during heating season in Taiyuan city and nineteen samples were used to investigate elemental concentrations and its source potential ecological risks of heavy metals, and to assess human exposure and health risk.The result indicated that main elements were Si, Ca, Al, Na, Mg, K, Fe in PM_2.5. The main sources of elements in PM_2.5 were divided into five categories including soil dust (43.46%),coal burning (15.69%),vehicle emission (13.41%),industrial dust(9.89%)and the construction cement dust(9.03%).Moreover, the order of potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in PM_2.5 was Cd >Ni >Hg >Pb >Cu >Zn >As >Co >Cr >Mn, and the ecological hazards were high. The main exposure of heavy metals in atmosphere was respiratory inhalation. The exposure quantity for children was significantly higher than that for adult. The hazard index values suggested a potential non-carcinogenic risk in PM_2.5.