基于广义收益—成本分析的农村面源污染治理策略

应用污染排放系数法、技术经济评价方法,统筹考虑农村面源污染治理的环境效益与经济收益、技术成本与交易费用,构建面向一般区域的农村面源污染治理策略的分析框架与方法.研究表明,2011年宜兴市农村面源污染排放总氮2880.94t,总磷501.19t,水环境经济损失为3.38亿元.耕地测土配方施肥、规模化养殖沼气工程、分散养殖沼气工程和农村生活污水净化工程的净现值率分别为55.00、2.54、0.52、-0.15.综合考虑技术可行性、交易费用和政府管理支撑能力,近期应优先治理规模化养殖和种植业面源污染,分散养殖和农村生活污水污染可作为远期治理重点.

Control strategies of rural non-point source pollution based on general benefit-cost analysis

Pollution emission coefficient and technical and economic evaluation methods was used, with comprehensive consideration of the environmental benefits and economic gains and the technical and transaction costs of the control of rural non-point source pollution, and an analytical framework and method were developed to analyze the control strategies of regional rural non-point source(NPS) pollution. Results indicated that in Yixing County, total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions from rural NPS pollution were 2880.94 t and 501.19 t, respectively, causing economic losses of 0.338 billion yuan in 2011. Net present value ratios (NPVR) of four strategies to control various rural NPS pollution, formula fertilization by soil testing, biogas project for large scale livestock and poultry farms, biogas project for scattered livestock and poultry farms and rural sewage treatment project were 55.00, 2.54, 0.52 and -0.15, respectively. Considering technical feasibility, transaction costs and government administrative capacity, the recent priority should be given to the control of pollution from large scale livestock and poultry farms and crop production, while the control of pollution from scattered livestock and poultry farms and rural sewage should be the long-term priorities.