热水解时间对污泥厌氧消化系统微生物群落结构影响分析

为评估热水解时间对北京市大兴区某污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化系统微生物群落结构的影响,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法,分析了不同热水解时间（15、30和45 min）对初沉污泥和剩余活性污泥厌氧消化系统中微生物群落结构及其多样性的影响因素.结果表明,消化污泥优势类群主要分布在厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、阴沟单胞菌门（Cloacimonadota）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和同力菌门（Synergistota）,相对丰度之和超过60%,相对丰度最高菌属为W5,占比为20.8%~54.5%,表现为少数优势物种的高丰度特征.热水解污泥厌氧消化过程中,高挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮浓度导致嗜乙酸产甲烷菌相对丰度减少,嗜氢产甲烷途径多于嗜乙酸产甲烷途径.环境因子关联分析结果显示,消化进泥可溶蛋白质、消化进泥pH值、消化出泥氨氮和热水解时间是影响微生物群落结构的4个主要环境因子,其中消化出泥氨氮对产甲烷菌属的影响最大,呈负相关关系.热水解时间与Chao指数和Shannon指数均呈负相关,较长热水解时间不利于提高厌氧消化过程微生物菌群丰富度和多样性.

Effect of Thermal Hydrolysis Pretreatment Time on Microbial Community Structure in Sludge Anaerobic Digestion System

To evaluate the effect of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment time on the sludge anaerobic digestion system of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Daxing district, Beijing, the structure and diversity of microbial communities in primary sludge and an activated sludge anaerobic digestion system with different thermal hydrolysis pretreatment times (15 min, 30 min, and 45 min) were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the dominant groups of digested sludge were mainly distributed in Firmicutes, Cloacimonadota, Chloroflexi, and Synergistota, with W5 being the most common genus. The sum of relative abundance of the dominant phylum was greater than 60%, and W5 accounted for 20.8%-54.5%, showing a high abundance of a few dominant species. During the anaerobic digestion of thermo-hydrolyzed sludge, the relative abundance of acetogenic methanogens decreased due to high levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) concentrations, which suggested that the hydrogenophilic methanogenic pathway was more than that of the acetogenic methanogenic pathway. Correlation analysis showed that the soluble protein and pH of thermo-hydrolyzed sludge, NH₄⁺-N of digested sludge, and thermal hydrolysis pretreatment time were the four main environmental factors affecting microbial community structure, and NH₄⁺-N of digested sludge had the largest negative correlation with methanogens. The thermal hydrolysis pretreatment time was negatively correlated with both the Chao index and Shannon index, so longer thermal hydrolysis pretreatment time was not conducive to microbial flora during anaerobic digestion.