不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质分子组成变化的整合分析

利用生物标志物研究土壤有机质（SOM）分子组成可用于分析有机质的来源及降解,从分子层面揭示土壤有机碳（SOC）的稳定机制.为了进一步明确不同土地利用方式对土壤有机质分子组成的影响,通过对已发表的研究数据进行整合分析,研究了全球尺度上农田、草地和森林这3种土地利用方式下有机质分子组成（游离脂质、角质、木栓质和木质素）的变化.结果表明,不同土地利用方式下有机质分子组成有明显差异,森林土壤游离态脂类（烷烃、烷酸、烷醇和环脂）、角质和木质素酚含量显著高于草地和农田,草地和森林土壤的木栓质含量无显著差异,草地木栓质与角质的比值最高,平均为2.96,农田和森林平均分别为1.68和2.21.农田土壤的丁香基的酸醛比（Ad/Al）_S和香草基的酸醛比（Ad/Al）_V最大,分别为1.25和1.58,显著高于草地（0.46和0.69）和森林（0.78和0.7）.且相关性分析结果表明,农田土壤中,木栓质与年均降雨量（MAP）和黏粒呈显著相关,角质与黏粒呈显著相关,木质素与年均温度（MAT）、MAP、砂粒和容重呈显著相关；草地土壤中,总游离脂质与MAP和容重呈显著相关,木栓质和角质均与MAT和MAP呈显著相关,木质素与MAP、pH、砂粒和容重呈显著相关；森林土壤中,仅木质素与MAP和砂粒呈显著相关.总体而言,3种土地利用方式下,森林土壤中有机碳和各分子组分含量均较高,草地土壤中植物根系对于土壤有机质的贡献更大,农田土壤中,由于人为耕作活动而加速了木质素的降解.未来研究应进一步关注土壤理化性质和气候条件对于有机质分子组成的调控.

Integrated Analysis of Soil Organic Matter Molecular Composition Changes Under Different Land Uses

The application of biomarkers to study the molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) can be used to analyze the source and degradation of SOM and reveal the stability mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) at the molecular level. In order to further clarify the effects of different land use patterns (farmland, grassland, and forest) on the molecular composition of SOM, the changes in molecular composition of organic matter (free lipids, cutin, suberin, and lignin) on a global scale were studied using a meta-analysis method. The results showed that there were significant differences in the molecular composition of organic matter under different land use patterns. The contents of free lipids (n-alkanes, n-alkanols, n-alkanoic acids, and cyclic lipids), cutin, and lignin phenols in forest soil were significantly higher than those in grassland and farmland. There was no significant difference in the content of suberin between grassland and forest soil. The ratio of suberin to cutin in grassland was the highest, with an average of 2.96, and the averages of farmland and forest were 1.68 and 2.21, respectively. The ratio of syringic acid to syringaldehyde (Ad/Al)_S and the ratio of vanillic acid to vanillin (Ad/Al)_V of farmland soil were the largest, which were 1.25 and 1.58, respectively, and were significantly higher than those in grassland (0.46 and 0.69) and forest (0.78 and 0.7). The results of correlation analysis showed that in farmland soil, suberin was significantly correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP) and clay; cutin was significantly correlated with clay; and lignin was significantly correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT), MAP, sand, and bulk density. In grassland soil, total free lipids were significantly correlated with MAP and bulk density; suberin and cutin were significantly correlated with MAT and MAP; and lignin was significantly correlated with MAP, pH, sand, and bulk density. However, only lignin was significantly correlated with MAP and sand in forest soils. Overall, the contents of SOC and molecular components in forest soil were higher under the three land use practices, and the contribution of plant roots to SOM in grassland soil was greater. In farmland soil, the degradation of lignin was accelerated due to human farming activities. Future research should focus on the regulation of soil physicochemical properties and climatic conditions on the molecular composition of SOM.