场地重金属污染土壤固化及MICP技术研究进展

冶炼场地土壤重金属污染是亟待解决的重要环境问题.固化修复技术因其修复时间少、成本低、处理效率高已成为污染场地重金属修复的主流技术之一.总结了近10年来有关固化修复场地重金属污染的最新研究进展,从重金属固化修复机制入手,对比分析了不同固化方式无机材料固化、有机材料固化、机械球磨和微生物诱导碳酸盐成矿（MICP）]的优缺点及其适用范围.随后,根据文献计量学分析所呈现的研究重点及发展趋势,从MICP在重金属修复中的应用、MICP复合材料在污染场地中的应用和MICP技术应用的影响因素这3个方面对微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀技术固化场地重金属污染的应用前景及限制因素进行了总结和阐述.最后提出了土壤固化研究的前景和挑战,以期为场地土壤固化技术的未来发展提供借鉴参考.

Research Progress on Solidification and MICP Remediation of Soils in Heavy Metal Contaminated Site

Heavy metal pollution in soils of smelting sites is an important environmental problem to be solved urgently. Solidification technology has become one of the mainstream technologies for heavy metal remediation in contaminated sites owing to its shorter remediation time, low cost, and high treatment efficiency. On the basis of summarizing the latest research progress on the remediation of heavy metal pollution in sites by solidification in the past 10 years, this study focused on the mechanisms of solidification technology and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different mechanisms (mechanism of inorganic materials, mechanism of organic materials, mechanism of mechanical ball milling, and mechanism of microbial-induced carbonate mineralization (MICP)) and their scope of application. Then, according to the research focus and development trend presented by CiteSpace, the application prospects and limiting factors of MICP technology for the solidification and remediation of heavy metal pollution in sites were summarized from three aspects:the application of MICP in multi-metal remediation, the application of MICP composites in contaminated sites, and the influencing factors of MICP technology application. Finally, the prospects and challenges in solidification technology were put forward in order to provide reference for the future development.