聚乙烯微塑料对盐渍化土壤微生物群落的影响

地膜覆盖保墒已成为盐渍化土壤种植中重要的农艺措施,而盐渍化与微塑料双重胁迫对土壤微生物的影响越来越受到重视.为探究聚乙烯微塑料对盐渍化土壤微生物群落的影响,通过室内模拟盐渍化土壤环境中微塑料污染的方法,探究不同类型（氯盐类和硫酸盐类）和不同含量（弱、中、强）的盐渍化土壤赋存不同丰度聚乙烯（PE）微塑料（土样干重的1%和4%）条件下对土壤微生物群落的影响.结果表明,PE微塑料会降低盐渍化土壤微生物群落多样性和丰富度,且硫酸盐类盐渍土处理受到的影响更强烈.赋存PE微塑料后不同处理微生物组成基本一致,但其相对丰度会发生变化,硫酸盐类盐渍土处理中各菌群相对丰度的变化较氯盐类盐渍土处理更强；门水平上,变形菌门相对丰度与赋存PE微塑料丰度呈正相关,而拟杆菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门相对丰度与赋存PE微塑料丰度呈负相关；科水平上,黄杆菌科、食碱菌科、盐单胞菌科和鞘脂单胞菌科相对丰度随赋存PE微塑料丰度增大而增大.KEGG代谢通路预测显示,赋存PE微塑料会降低微生物新陈代谢和遗传信息等功能相对丰度,硫酸盐类盐渍土对新陈代谢功能的抑制作用强于氯盐类盐渍土,而对遗传信息功能的抑制效果弱于氯盐类盐渍土；新陈代谢功能二级通道中氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢等功能受到抑制,推测新陈代谢功能的降低可能是由于上述二级代谢通路相对丰度降低引起的.试验结果可为微塑料和盐渍化双重污染条件下对土壤环境的影响研究提供理论依据.

Effect of Polyethylene Microplastics on the Microbial Community of Saline Soils

Mulching to conserve moisture has become an important agronomic practice in saline soil cultivation, and the effects of the dual stress of salinity and microplastics on soil microbes are receiving increasing attention. In order to investigate the effect of polyethylene microplastics on the microbial community of salinized soils, this study investigated the effects of different types (chloride and sulphate) and concentrations (weak, medium, and strong) of polyethylene (PE) microplastics (1% and 4% of the dry weight mass of the soil sample) on the soil microbial community by simulating microplastic contamination in salinized soil environments indoors. The results showed that:PE microplastics reduced the diversity and abundance of microbial communities in salinized soils and were more strongly affected by sulphate saline soil treatments. The relative abundance of each group of bacteria was more strongly changed in the sulphate saline soil treatment than in the chloride saline soil treatment. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was positively correlated with the abundance of fugitive PE microplastics, whereas the relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteria were negatively correlated with the abundance of fugitive PE microplastics. At the family level, the relative abundances of Flavobacteriaceae, Alcanivoracaceae, Halomonadaceae, and Sphingomonasceae increased with increasing abundance of PE microplastics. The KEGG metabolic pathway prediction showed that the relative abundance of microbial metabolism and genetic information functions were reduced by the presence of PE microplastics, and the inhibition of metabolic functions was stronger in sulphate saline soils than in chloride saline soils, whereas the inhibition of genetic information functions was weaker than that in chloride saline soils. The secondary metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism were inhibited. It was hypothesized that the reduction in metabolic functions may have been caused by the reduced relative abundance of the above-mentioned secondary metabolic pathways. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the effects of microplastics and salinization on the soil environment under the dual pollution conditions.