多环芳烃污染土壤毒性评价指标的研究进展

土壤微生物、植物和动物的生理学和遗传学指标被广泛用于评价土壤中多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染程度、毒性以及修复效果等,对指标本身的研究也在不断取得新认识和新进展.首先,许多研究对不同的指标进行比较,以检验它们在灵敏度上的差别;其次对指标的选择也越来越突出对PAHs污染的预警能力,因而普遍采用亚致死效应指标,且对指标的研究不断向基因、分子水平深入,力求通过早期的响应特征对PAHs污染程度做出及时判断;再次,PAHs污染土壤评价指标正不断朝着更加宏观和更加微观两个方向扩展,目前的指标体系已经覆盖了分子、细胞、个体、群落和生态系统等不同层次.论文依据PAHs毒性作用机理,从生理生化和遗传学角度综述了国内外评价PAHs污染土壤毒性时较为常用的生物指标及其研究进展,为国内进行相关研究工作提供参考.

Advances in the Biological Indicators for Toxicity Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soil-A Review

The physiological and genetic indicators of soil micro -organisms, plants and animals were widely used in the assessment of soil contamination, pollutant toxicity and efficiency of remediation, for soil polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The research of indicators has been making progress. Firstly, the sensitivity of a wide range of indicators were compared and evaluated. Secondly, the function of early -warning indicators were emphasized, therefore, sublethal indicators are more widely used than lethal indicators, and indicators on genetic and molecular level have been developed to assess the soil PAHs contamination based on the earlier responses. Thirdly, indicators have been developed to be more microcosmic and macroscopic, covering a wide range of ecological levels including molecule, cell, individual, community and ecosystem. Both physiological and genetic research progress of biological indicators were reviewed in this paper, which can provide useful information for domestic researchers in related fields.