农业合作生产对华北农牧交错区水资源存量和经济效益的影响

针对华北农牧交错区错季蔬菜生产对水资源消耗的争议，通过试验和调查研究相结合的方法，研究了农业“生产－消费”合作生产背景下区域发展错季蔬菜的耗水效果及其对农民收入、水资源存量的影响。结果表明，错季蔬菜生产田间耗水量为农区粮食作物的31.3%~93.3%，而水资源价值为农区粮食作物的4.2~10.7倍；与区域内粮油作物生产相比，错季蔬菜生产少耗水330~754m³/hm²，且其水资源价值为粮油作物的4.0~13.9倍。通过实施粮－菜交换的市场农业战略，区域能用0.175~0.196m³的水交易获得外区域1 m³的水资源，并且实现了研究区用0.93hm²的菜地解决发展错季蔬菜前需要6.9~13.8hm²耕地才能解决的粮食问题。调查表明，通过高效地输出水资源，区域农民收入仅蔬菜一项比全国同期农村人均收入高出了23%。故华北农牧交错区发展错季蔬菜生产是节约和扩大本区域的水资源存量，促进农村脱贫致富、自我发展的有效途径。

The Agricultural Cooperative Production Effects on the Water Resource Stock and Agricultural Economic Efficiency in the Agro-pastoral Ecotone of North China

In order to clarify the dispute of water resource excessive consumption of stagger-seasonal vegetable production in the agro-pastoral ecotone of North China,a study was conducted to find out the vegetable production effects on water resource consumption and increasing the farmers' income and improving agricultural benefit with the method of experiment and investigation under the condition of mutual complementarities and cooperation of agricultural products producing-consuming. The results showed that the field water consumption of vegetable production in the agro-pastoral ecotone of North China was as much as 31.3%-93.3% of the grain crops production in farming area,but the water resource value per cubic meter of vegetable was 4.2-10.7 times as that of grain crops production. And the water consumption of vegetable was 330-754 m~3/hm~2 less than that of grain-oil crops production in the agro-pastoral ecotone,and the water resource value per unit was 4.0-13.9 times as that of grain-oil crops in this area. By implementing the marketable agriculture strategy with vegetable-grain exchange,1 m~3 of water from farming area could be purchased with 0.175-0.196 m~3 water in the agro-pastoral ecotone of North China,and in the investigating zone the food problem had been solved with 0.93 hm~2 of farmland by vegetable-grain exchange,but with 6.9-13.8 hm~2 of farmland before planting vegetables. The investigation results showed that the farmer's income from only vegetable production was 1.23 times of the national average income per farmer. So it was concluded that stagger-season vegetable production was an effective way to save and increase water resource stock,shake off poverty rapidly and realize self-development for the undeveloped and ecological fragile agro-pastoral ecotone of North China.